Impactos Da Legislação Na Pesquisa Etnobotânica No Brasil, Com Ênfase Na Região Amazônica

Abstract

The Amazon region has a large sociobiodiversity, where lives people with traditional knowledge about the uses of its natural resources. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 recognized the autonomy of each nation over its genetic resources and the rights of traditional populations about the knowledge of the use of these natural resources. In 2001 it was published the law M.P. 2.186-16/2001 which created the Conselho Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético (CGEN) and the first rules about access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in Brazil. Since his creation, the actions of CGEN have received criticism from various sectors, both private and public, and, unlike its initial proposal, has become one of the main obstacles of ethnobotanical studies, the bureaucracy, the long process analysis and communication difficulties with this organ.

Cacau Para Quê? Levantamento Bibliográfico Sobre Os Usos Materiais E Simbólicos Das Espécies De Cacaus Do Brasil

“…Esforços internacionais para o estudo e a conservação dos recursos biológicos e dos conhecimentos tradicionais, como os promovidos pela Eco-92 e pela Convenção Sobre Diversidade Biológica (CDB), estabeleceram a autonomia dos países na gestão e pesquisa dos seus recursos, bem como a apropriação dos usos tradicionais aos países detentores desse conhecimento (TOMCHINSKY et al, 2013). Assim, os conhecimentos tradicionais passam a constituir parte importante da identidade de um país, pois são elementos essenciais para identificar recursos genéticos com os quais a humanidade pode se beneficiar, além de legalmente serem assegurados e protegidos às populações detentoras de tais conhecimentos.…”

Food Composition Data: Edible Plants from the Amazon

“…Most of the studies carried out in the Amazon region, so far, have been restricted to ethnobotanical research on a specific species, region, or ethnic group, without pursuing research on the nutritional properties and botanical or agronomic aspects. This occur partly due to the bureaucracy for carrying out these researches within the Brazilian legislation (Tomchinsky et al 2013) but also due to the lack of human and financial resources in research institutions in the northern region of Brazil, in comparison with other regions of the country, or due to the limitations of postgraduate research inside institutional deadlines.The objective of this chapter is to give an overview on the knowledge about Amazonian edible plants, traditional or unconventional, and general aspects related to them. The species addressed here were separated into groups according to the Food Composition Data: Edible Plants from the Amazon…”

Sustainability or Colonialism? Legislative obstacles to research and development of natural products and patents on traditional knowledge in Brazil

“…According to a recent release (MMA 2012), UNESP sent documentation for approval and 22 months later the claim stated that 'the documentation did not meet the provisions of CGEN resolutions' , because it showed irregularities in prior concessions collected in 55 communities in various regions of the Amazon. Despite having received official financial support from a federal organization, the project still encountered bureaucratic obstacles (Tomchinsky et al 2013).…”

“…It is worth noting that potential biopirates probably show very little attention in solving the bureaucratic procedures of access law in Brazil. Tomchinsky et al (2013) points that Malaysia is currently developing another natural products value chains such as Brazilian nuts, pirarucu and ornamental fishes, following the same steps of the rubber tree case long ago. The Regulates the access to genetic resources, the protection and access to associated traditional knowledge and the sharing of benefits for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity; repeals the Provisional Measure 2186 airport surveillance service of the IBAMA acknowledged that the fight against biopiracy and wildlife trafficking is insufficient.…”