Impactos de las sequías en el sector agropecuario del Corredor Seco Centroamericano

Abstract

Central America has suffered the impact of several extreme hydrometeorological events, among which drought stands out. This has had adverse effects of different kinds in the region known as the Central American Dry Corridor (CSC, in Spanish). The objective of this work was to describe the impacts that agriculture, livestock and economy of the CSC countries have suffered due to droughts: agricultural, hydrological and socioeconomic. A review of primary and secondary sources was carried out, such as scientific articles, press reports and studies reports from national and international institutions. The most recurrent impacts are at the level of basic grains and cattle, also due in part to the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) phenomenon. Because the CSC is a region with high vulnerability to drought and other extreme hydrometeorological events, it is necessary to carry out an adequate characterization of the CSC taking as a baseline similar studies like this one, that orginate a discussion process for the design and implementation of strategies and anticipated public policies of adaptation and mitigation of the drought in the CSC and therefore, lead to improve the quality of life of its population.

La plaga de langostas y su relación con el Mega Niño de 1877-1878 en Costa Rica

“…De hecho, en la Fig. 2, en gris oscuro se demarca el Corredor Seco Centroamericano (CSC), término que designa las tierras ubicadas principalmente en la vertiente del Pacífico en América Central (entre el estado mexicano de Chiapas y Costa Rica) que son más propensas a sufrir sequías y la disminución de las precipitaciones -en el orden de los 500 y 2 000mm anuales-y que en el caso costarricense comprenden la provincia de Guanacaste, el norte de Puntarenas, gran parte del occidente y algunas zonas del oriente del Valle Central (Retana et al, 2012;Calvo-Solano, Quesada-Hernández, Hidalgo, & Gotlieb, 2018). En esa época, las condiciones de sequía hicieron favorable la transición hacia la fase gregaria de las langostas, por lo que hubo una mayor cantidad de reportes en dicho espacio geográfico.…”

Manifestaciones de la sequía meteorológica en la provincia de Villa Clara (Cuba) en el período 2000-2017

“…En México, Ortega-Gaucin y Velasco (2013) analizaron el impacto de la sequía en el país desde el punto de vista económico-social, mientras que Ortiz y Ortega (2015) estudiaron el riesgo por sequía meteorológica y su impacto agro-socio-económico en Michoacán (México), a partir de una metodología que vincula la vulnerabilidad de un territorio con las predicciones climáticas. Asimismo, en el Corredor Seco Centroamericano se demuestra como las vulnerabilidades ante la sequía de un espacio geográfico influyen directamente en la población, afectando grandes porcientos de tierra y disminuyendo así la producción de alimentos (Calvo-Solano et al, 2018).…”

Advancing Food Security through Agroecological Technologies: The Implementation of the Biointensive Method in the Dry Corridor of Nicaragua

“…On the other hand, the effects of climate change are expected to be harsher on poorer regions and subsistence farmers, like those living in Central America and in tropical and subtropical regions, including the Caribbean [12]. According to Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean [13] in 2030 climate vulnerability will be higher in many countries within those regions, higher than it already is in Nicaragua, particularly in the areas along the Central American Dry Corridor [14].…”