Impactos del cambio climático en la agricultura y seguridad alimentaria

Abstract

El presente estudio se focalizó en una revisión de la literatura para mostrar los impactos que genera el Cambio Climático en la Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria de muchas familias productoras de Centroamérica, particularmente Nicaragua y sobre todo las que pertenecen al llamado corredor seco donde las afectaciones son más severas. Cabe mencionar que los diversos cambios del clima que se han presentados en las últimos años 2012-2015 principalmente temperatura y precipitación han producido consecuencias muy negativas en los medios de vidas y particularmente en la agricultura, lo que ha puesto en riesgo la disponibilidad de alimentos y el acceso de agua de productores y productoras creando inestabilidad económica, social, y ambiental. Por lo tanto, conocer nuestras amenazas, vulnerabilidades, identificar los riesgos y monitorear el comportamiento del clima es clave en las tomas decisiones acertadas del sector agrícola ante las diversas variantes climáticas, por otro lado, establecer estrategias de adaptación como parte de la educación rural que ayuden a mejorar la productividad, garantizar el acceso de agua y alimentos, también es fundamental para reducir pérdidas económicas, físicas y humanas. Coincidimos con la posición del gobierno siendo consecuente con el reconocimiento de los principales componentes del riesgo climático. Se trata de lograr capacidad de reducir, disminuir o eliminar la exposición a los peligros, capacidad de mejorar, resaltar o maximizar las propiedades endógenas de la vulnerabilidad y capacidad de generar conocimientos, conciencia, conductas y hábitos que permitan enfrentar los eventos y reponerse de sus efectos.

Analysis of Farmers’ Stated Risk Using Lotteries and Their Perceptions of Climate Change in the Northwest of Mexico

“…To address this issue, an array of statements, collected from a literature review (Table 4) and related to climate change was evaluated, according to the farmer's own perception, on a 9-point Likert type scale (from 1 to 9), where 1 means absolutely disagree, and 9 means absolutely agree. In the last 10 years you have noticed that the temperature has increased: [50,51] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that the level of precipitation has changed: [50,52] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that rain periods have changed their temporality: [53][54][55] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that the soil has lost fertility: [3,54] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that the periods of drought have increased: [50,52] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that the harvest has decreased: [56] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that there have been more episodes of droughts: [3,50] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that there have been more episodes of frost: [50,53] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that there have been more episodes of floods: [52] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that there have been more episodes of Hail: [57] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed that there have been more diseases and pests: [58,59] _____ In the last 10 years you have noticed vegetation changes: [60] _____…”

Evaluation of the Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production - La Rinconada Town Center – Ancash, Peru

“…The highest production was recorded in 2014, and the lowest in 2013, the highest production in cotton (ton) in 2011 and the lowest in 2015, and the highest production (ton) in rice occurred in 2015. Source: [18,20] 2006-2010…”

“…"These changes will not similarly affect all crops [11], which shows us an important link between the effects of climate change and agricultural production" [29]. Likewise, climate change is a phenomenon considered irreversible, therefore, it only remains to establish measures and strategies aimed at reducing its impact and adapting to it [18].…”

Food Security: Agricultural Innovation to Increase Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Countries

“…Developing countries are highly dependent on land and agriculture, which are entirely climatedependent, not only to feed the population and ensure food security, but also as a source of income, to increase savings, to earn foreign exchange through exports, etc., so these countries have a lower capacity to adapt and are more affected by climate change (Alexandratos, 2011;Durán and Sánchez, 2012;Morales-Casco et al 2016;El Bilali et al 2020). Undoubtedly, in these regions, agricultural systems must undergo a major and urgent transformation in order to meet the challenges of climate change and food security.…”