Impactos do rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Brumadinho, Brasil: uma análise baseada nas mudanças de cobertura da terra

Abstract

The collapse of tailings dams may cause severe socioambiental and economic impacts. On February 25, 2019, the tailings dam of the mine “Córrego do Feijão”, associated with the mining company “Vale S.A.” collapsed in Brumadinho, MG, Brazil. The rupture caused dozens of deaths, and the tailings mud spread all over many areas of the municipality. Geoprocessing tools were used to estimate and to characterize the area affected by the mud, as well as to identify impacts caused by the rupture, under the perspective of land cover changes. The results showed that the tailings mud buried 297,28 ha of land, and at least 193 corporate (41%) and family (59%) facilities were compromised. 51% of the affected land was occupied by native vegetation (most of it preserved vegetation), 19% by human activities with a high circulation of people and 13% by agricultural activities. These changes suggest severe impacts, like contamination of the physical and biotic environments; deterioration of the physical and mental health of the affected populations; and local socioeconomic destabilization. Specific and multidisciplinary studies in different scientific fields are required to characterize and to find solutions to mitigate these impacts.

Domestication strategies for the endangered catfish species Pseudopimelodus mangurus Valenciennes, 1835 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)

“…After this period, 63 juveniles were randomly separated and divided into 9 fiberglass tanks (10 L each) at a density of 7 fish per tank, with constant water flow and aeration. The tanks were covered by a 1-mm nylon mesh in order to reduce light incidence as recommended in literature (Appelbaum and Mcgeer, 1998;Cestarolli, 2005;Feiden et al, 2008;Pereira et al, 2019) After one week of acclimation, the experiment evaluating three different methods for feeding training was started. For this, were used three treatments: grounded bovine heart as control; grounded bovine heart with gradual ration increments until reaching 50% bovine heart and 50% commercial feeding; and grounded bovine heart with gradual increments until reaching 0% bovine heart and 100% commercial feeding.…”

“…Anthropogenic activities such as changes in the natural courses of rivers, pollution, deforestation, introduction of alien species and overfishing are deleterious to natural fish populations (Sobjak et al, 2017). Moreover, environmental disasters, such as occurred in the Brazilian cities of Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019), leads to almost instantaneous death of hundreds of thousands of fish species and other life forms, strongly affecting the natural fish stocks and, consequently, the regional socioeconomic activities (Carvalho et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2018;Lopes et al, 2019;Pereira et al, 2019;Rudorff et al, 2018).…”

Análise da mancha de inundação da Barragem Sul da Mina de Brucutu, São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, MG

“…Em Brumadinho, 297,28 ha de terras foram soterradas pelos rejeitos, e pelo menos 193 estruturas empresariais (41%) e familiares (59%) foram comprometidas (PEREIRA et al, 2019). Segundo Lacaz et al (2017) Rio Abaixo, MG. Essa análise é de suma importância para verificar se realmente a população terá tempo hábil de evacuação, caso ocorra um rompimento.…”

Estudo Da Cinética De Flotação Catiônica De Rejeitos De Minério De Ferro

“…Em relação aos contaminantes inorgânicos associados à lama, foram observados elevados teores de óxido de ferro, manganês e sílica. Em janeiro de 2019 uma nova barragem de rejeitos de minério de ferro, associada à mineradora Vale S.A., em Brumadinho (MG) também se rompeu (PEREIRA et al, 2019). Esses desastres trouxeram prejuízos à sociedade, para o meio físico, biótico e socioeconômico que são imensuráveis (ANGOTTI et al, 2019).…”