2017
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00961-8
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen

Abstract: The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the immune system is unclear. Here we report results of in vivo dose response studies that analyzed the histology and microstructural changes in the spleen of adult male and female CD… Show more

Help me understand this report
View preprint versions

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
2
2
1

Citation Types

1
26
0
2

Year Published

2018
2018
2023
2023

Publication Types

Select...
8

Relationship

1
7

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 31 publications
(29 citation statements)
references
References 59 publications
1
26
0
2
Order By: Relevance
“…At three (3) weeks of age, mice were weaned and randomly assigned to specific treatment groups to receive either D11112226 control diet (C, Research Diets Inc.) or the identically formulated custom diet, which incorporated 6.8 ppb of 17α-ethinyl estradiol into the D11112226 control diet (D16122101(B) or EE, Research Diets Inc.) This dose of EE was calculated based off of a human-relevant exposure dose (30 µg/day), and corrected for murine metabolic differences. This dose is within previously published doses of EE exposure in mice 58 . Calculations were corroborated with a board-certified toxicologist (Dr. M. Ehrich).…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 83%
“…At three (3) weeks of age, mice were weaned and randomly assigned to specific treatment groups to receive either D11112226 control diet (C, Research Diets Inc.) or the identically formulated custom diet, which incorporated 6.8 ppb of 17α-ethinyl estradiol into the D11112226 control diet (D16122101(B) or EE, Research Diets Inc.) This dose of EE was calculated based off of a human-relevant exposure dose (30 µg/day), and corrected for murine metabolic differences. This dose is within previously published doses of EE exposure in mice 58 . Calculations were corroborated with a board-certified toxicologist (Dr. M. Ehrich).…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 83%
“…Exposure to multiple toxicants and/or EDCs often happens simultaneously and can severely impact organismal homeostasis and function, since these substances can exert additive or synergistic effects which could lead to decreased growth rates and deleterious effects on long-term functional population viability (Crews et al, 2003;Beck et al, 2013;Worm et al, 2017). Due to a paucity of data on how EDCs and lesser-studied essential and non-essential elements affect marine mammals, inferences regarding the biological effects of potentially toxic compounds are primarily based on studies that used laboratoryreared animals in controlled experiments (Ferzand et al, 2008;Posnack et al, 2012;Gear and Belcher, 2017). Thus, as part of ongoing efforts to catch up with the output of the chemical industry and to provide more information on existing anthropogenic contaminants in free-ranging odontocetes, the objectives of this study were to: (1) establish concentrations of specific toxicants and elements (atrazine, bisphenol-A [BPA], diethyl phthalate [DEP], polychlorinated biphenyl mixture 1268 [Aroclor 1268 ], nonylphenol monoethoxylate [NPE, as a representative of the class of nonylphenol ethoxylates], triclosan, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, thallium, and zinc) in liver and blubber of stranded odontocetes from the southeastern United States, (2) evaluate relationships between contaminants and demographic parameters (species, sex, age class, and stranding location), and (3) describe histopathologic lesions observed in these cases.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To evaluate potential adverse effects of oral BPA exposure, follow-up in vivo studies evaluated the effects of continuous lifelong dietary BPA or 17α-EE exposure in CD-1 mice. 74,75 81 This study design included 5 doses of BPA that spanned 5 orders of magnitude from approximately 4 μg/kg body weight/d to approximately 50,000 μg/kg body weight/d with a 10-fold dose interval. Three doses of 17α-EE (0.02, 0.2, and 0.15 μg/kg body weight/d) were also included as a positive control for estrogen effects.…”
Section: Assigning Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms To The Pathmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results of those studies demonstrated significant and, most often, sex-specific effects of BPA on a variety of reproductive, metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular-related end points. 74,78 81 In the heart, minor exposure-related increases in heart weight, left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and modest changes in collagen content in the extracellular matrix of hearts in males exposed to 430 and 4400 μg BPA/kg body weight/d were detected. By contrast, there were modest decreases in LV wall thickness and decreases in collagen in hearts of females at the lowest BPA dose (5 μg/kg body weight/d).…”
Section: Assigning Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms To The Pathmentioning
confidence: 99%