Impacts of climatic fluctuations and land use practices on plant dislocation and the formation of Central European forests

Küster, Hansjörg

doi:10.1007/bf02738611

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The anthropogenic influence on the natural vegetation started as early as 7000 BP in central Europe (Küster, 1996). Around 7000 BP mud brick tell settlements began establishing along the Danube into Hungary (Barraclough, 1983).…”

Section: Possible Anthropogenic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, due to natural fluctuation in climate, the temperatures have been intermittently even warmer than today leading for instance to findings of spruce close to the Simmingjoch (Austria, just north of the Brenner pass) at 2450 m which is 350 m above the current timber limit (Kral, 1994). The first findings of oaks in the Danube valley date to approximately 10 000 BP (Küster, 1996). Between 9000 and 7500 BP mixed oak forests were present up to 1400 m in the eastern flank of the Alps, while in southern Austria (Carinthia), the Norway spruce belt seems to have prevented the mixed oak forest occurring any higher than 1000 m (Küster, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first findings of oaks in the Danube valley date to approximately 10 000 BP (Küster, 1996). Between 9000 and 7500 BP mixed oak forests were present up to 1400 m in the eastern flank of the Alps, while in southern Austria (Carinthia), the Norway spruce belt seems to have prevented the mixed oak forest occurring any higher than 1000 m (Küster, 1996). From 7500 to 4500 BP the timber limit was about 200 m higher than it is today (Küster, 1996) and, forests covered the Alps up to 2000 m between 4500 and 2500 BP (Küster, 1996;Burga and Perret, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 9000 and 7500 BP mixed oak forests were present up to 1400 m in the eastern flank of the Alps, while in southern Austria (Carinthia), the Norway spruce belt seems to have prevented the mixed oak forest occurring any higher than 1000 m (Küster, 1996). From 7500 to 4500 BP the timber limit was about 200 m higher than it is today (Küster, 1996) and, forests covered the Alps up to 2000 m between 4500 and 2500 BP (Küster, 1996;Burga and Perret, 1998). At the edges of the Alps there was a wide, mixed area connecting the oak-rich flatlands with the coniferous tree dominated highlands of the Alps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast DNA variation of white oaks in the alpine region

Csaikl

Burg

Fineschi

et al. 2002

Forest Ecology and Management

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After the last glacial maximum the Alps have represented a major obstacle to the recolonisation of central and northern Europe by flora and fauna surviving in southern refugia. It is also believed that the Alps may have acted as a temporary refugia for some species, harbouring significant genetic variation or allowing the evolution of new genotypes and subspecies. To examine this possibility for white oak species, a total of 1375 samples from 292 locations were sampled in alpine and flanking regions of Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland and were assessed for cpDNA variation. Of the oak samples taken, throughout the entire alpine area Quercus robur was found most frequently. Quercus pubescens, widespread in Switzerland, Italy and up to the northern part of the French Alps was found south of 478N and thus absent from Germany and sparse in Austria. Quercus petraea was mainly found in the parts of the Alps west of 128E. Absent in the high elevations of the Austrian Alps Q. petraea and subspecies can be found at the eastern flank of the Alps. A total of 11 different haplotypes were found within the alpine area. Most frequent are different members of lineage A (common in the Balkan refugial area) with haplotype 7 found in 64% of the sample set. Haplotype 5, a more eastern member of the lineage, was found at the eastern flank of the Alps. Approximately 22% of the samples belonged to lineage C (from the Italian refuge), almost all of them were haplotype 1 with the majority crossing the Alps in Switzerland at the Simplon pass. Haplotype 2, the more eastern member of lineage C originating in Italy, is found at low frequency to the east of the Alps and in the Danube valley. Oak from refugial areas in Spain (lineage B) had only a limited impact on the alpine region. In spite of the historical anthropogenic influence in the alpine region, clear tracks of recolonisation were uncovered. In particular, the path of northward migration of oaks from Italy and the major route north of the Alps were clearly elucidated, confirming earlier assessment of pollen core data. However, the direction of migration (east to west or west to east) of oaks from the Balkan (haplotype 7) around the Alps still needs to be resolved. #

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Section: Possible Anthropogenic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chloroplast DNA variation of white oaks in the alpine region

Csaikl

Burg

Fineschi

et al. 2002

Forest Ecology and Management

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show abstract

“…Die Begünstigung ausschlagfreudiger Gehölze während der intensiven Rodungsphasen, z. B. der Haselnuss oder der Hainbuche (diese allerdings nur eingeschränkt; Gottwald et al 2002), die zum Nahrungsspektrum von B. serricauda gehören (Küster 1996) Für einzelne isolierte Populationen der Art B. serricauda kann somit eine Diversifikation aufgrund genetischer Drift angenommen werden, die als Speziationsprozess anzusprechen ist. Ob in Zukunft die Art in Tochterarten zerfällt, dürfte maßgeblich mit der Veränderung ihres Lebensraums zusammenhängen.…”

Section: Biometrie Und Morphologieunclassified