“…COVID-19 shined a spotlight on the structural conditions of carceral settings that facilitate the transmission of respiratory pathogens: overcrowding, a high number of visitors, poor ventilation, and inadequate access to soap, water, and personal protective equipment (Beaudry et al, 2020; Bick, 2007; Hammett et al, 2002; LeMasters et al, 2022; Liu et al, 2022; Montoya-Barthelemy et al, 2020; Norton & Heiss, 2020; Reinhart & Chen, 2020). The synergistic impact of an aging incarcerated population, higher rates of chronic diseases, including substance use disorder, and suboptimal access to healthcare in carceral settings leads to worse outcomes from COVID-19 (Dir et al, 2022; Hawks et al, 2020; Saloner et al, 2020; Strodel et al, 2021).…”