Impacts of Crop Rotation and Tillage Practices on Potato Yield and Farm Revenue

Abstract

Core Ideas The two‐step regression simulation approach was the most appropriate model to evaluate all important explanatory variables on mean potato yield.Potato yield increased when the frequency of potato increased in the rotation.Rotations with lower potato frequency had higher net revenue for the potato year; however, rotations with higher potato frequency had higher overall net revenues.The overall financial impacts of rotations with lower potato frequency were negative.Other incentives for adopting beneficial management practices are necessary. To reduce the impacts of intensive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems on the environment, beneficial management practices (BMPs) (e.g., crop rotation and conservation tillage) have been promoted in Atlantic Canada. However, quantitative information on the impacts of BMPs on yield and farm revenue is still lacking. Direct assessment of BMPs in operating farms is difficult because producers adjust other inputs and practices when implementing BMPs. A dataset with 5 yr of crop rotation, farm inputs, and soil and climate data was obtained from farms in New Brunswick, Canada. Two‐step regression with a stochastic production function method was used to assess the impacts of three crop rotations and two tillage practices on potato yield. Potato yield increased when potato frequency increased in the rotation. This effect was largely caused by increased fertilizer and other inputs on rotations with a higher potato frequency. Spring moldboard plowing had negative effects on yield compared with fall moldboard plowing. The two‐step yield model was used with different scenarios to estimate the effect of crop rotation on farm revenue net of input costs. Rotations with lower potato frequency had higher net revenue for the potato year, largely because of reduced input costs. However, rotations with higher potato frequency had higher overall (multiyear) net revenues because of the more valuable potato years in the rotation. Therefore, without considering the long‐term impacts on the environment, the overall financial impacts of rotations with lower potato frequency were negative. This suggests that other incentives for adopting BMPs are necessary.

Impact of Crop Sequence and Fertilization on Potato Yield in a Long-Term Study

“…However, longer crop rotations can increase soil productivity, maintain or even increase plant yield (profitability) and reduce the build-up of diseases, weeds and pests [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. This will reduce the amount of fertilizers and pesticides used and thus lower costs in the long term [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Tillage Practices in Potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) Production: A Review

“…Gordon et al (2011) reported no significant effect on marketable potato yield at different sites however, basin tillage was effective at reducing runoff and nutrient losses without affecting yield and appears to be an effective tool for decreasing environmental risks. Liu et al (2019) indicated that spring moldboard plowing had negative effects on yield compared with fall moldboard plowing. Sojka et al (1993) examined the ability of zonesubsoiling to reduce soil compaction and erosion and found that zone-subsoiling improved tuber grade or increased tuber size and consequently Russet potato tuber yield and quality in Pacific Northwest.…”

“…Ochuodho et al (2013) analyzed long-term land use data collected from the Black Brook Watershed in northern New Brunswick (Canada) and found that spring tillage increased potato yield while Frederick (2012) found that beneficial tillage practices, crop rotation practices, and their interaction did not significantly affect potato yield in a Nova Scotia watershed. In New Brunswick, Canada on clay loam to sandy loam in texture soils, spring moldboard plowing had negative effects on yield compared with fall mouldboard plowing (Liu et al, 2019). Yaroson et al (2019) investigated potato response to ridges tillage, zero-tillage, mound tillage, and flat tillage in Nigeria and found that soil management practices had a significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, leave the area, canopy cover, and tuber yield.…”