Impacts of Dietary Vitamins and Trace Minerals on Growth and Pork Quality in Finishing Pigs

Choi, S. C.; Chae, B. J.; Han, In K.

doi:10.5713/ajas.2001.1444

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, Lawrence et al. (2004) reported that supplementing swine finishing diets with a blend of vitamins and minerals during the last 28 days before slaughter effectively reduced LM drip losses, and Choi et al. (2001) detected an approximate 30% reduction in drip losses in LM chops from pigs fed diets formulated with 200% of NRC (1998) vitamin‐trace mineral requirements compared with pork from pigs fed diets devoid of vitamins and trace minerals.…”

Section: Vitamins and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutritional modifications on the water‐holding capacity of fresh pork: a review

Apple¹

2007

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Although genetics and preslaughter handling and management have the greatest impact on pork quality - especially water-holding capacity (WHC) - modifications to swine diets may offset the negative effects of genotype and/or pig handling on pork quality or improve quality attributes of pork from pigs with the genetic potential for good quality. There is little evidence that pork WHC is altered by the lysine or protein level (and source), cereal grain, or fat source used in growing-finishing diets. Yet, recent research indicates that feeding low-starch, high-fibre, high-fat, glycogen-reducing diets effectively improves the WHC of pork. Moreover, meta-analysis of the available information indicated that including 100, 200, or 400+ mg of alpha-tochopherol per kilogram of diet reduced pork drip losses by 10.1%, 30.5%, and 25.9%, respectively, whereas supplementing swine diets with magnesium for 1-2 days, 3-4 days, or 5-7 days reduced drip losses by 23.1%, 13.7%, or 15.9%, respectively. Some swine nutritionists have advocated the removal of vitamins and trace minerals from finishing diets; however, deletion of vitamin/trace mineral premixes actually reduced the WHC of pork, whereas drip losses were reduced by elevating the dietary inclusion levels of vitamins and trace minerals 150-250% of the recommended levels. Additionally, there is no evidence that feeding pigs ractopamine hydrochloride or injections of porcine somatotropin affect pork WHC. There may not be a single 'silver bullet' that will remedy poor quality genetics or poor animal management, but improvements in pork WHC can be achieved with some modifications to swine finishing diets.

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Section: Vitamins and Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nutritional modifications on the water‐holding capacity of fresh pork: a review

Apple¹

2007

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Section: Zinc Feeding Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies ( Table 5 ) have been conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics, and tissue concentrations of trace minerals resulting from partially or completely removing trace mineral premixes without or with vitamins from growing-finishing pig diets for varying lengths of time before slaughter [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Most studies showed that 100% withdrawal of the vitamin-trace mineral premix up to 6 weeks before market had no effect on growth performance and carcass traits [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 80 , 81 ]. For example, Mavromichalis et al [ 73 ] conducted 3 experiments to determine the effects of removing vitamin and trace mineral premixes during the last 30 days of the finishing period before slaughter and showed no differences in growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality but reduced cost and excretion of excess nutrients.…”

Section: Zinc Feeding Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability

Shurson

Urriola

Hung³

2022

Animals

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The objectives of this review were to summarize current knowledge of Zn in swine nutrition, environmental concerns, potential contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and explore the use of alternative feeding strategies to reduce Zn excretion in manure while capturing improvements in productivity. Zinc is a required nutrient for pigs but is commonly supplemented at concentrations that greatly exceed estimated requirements. Feeding pharmacological concentrations of Zn from ZnO to pigs for 1 to 2 weeks post-weaning reduces post-weaning diarrhea and improves growth performance. Feeding elevated dietary levels of Zn to sows during the last 30 days of gestation can reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight pigs and pre-weaning mortality. Most of the dietary Zn consumed by pigs is not retained in the body and is subsequently excreted in manure, which led several countries to impose regulations restricting dietary Zn concentrations to reduce environmental impacts. Although restricting Zn supplementation in swine diets is a reasonable approach for reducing environmental pollution, it does not allow capturing health and productivity benefits from strategic use of elevated dietary Zn concentrations. Therefore, we propose feeding strategies that allow strategic use of high dietary concentrations of Zn while also reducing Zn excretion in manure compared with current feeding practices.

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“…The National Research Council (NRC) estimates the recommended intake of dietary vitamins and trace minerals [ 6 , 7 ]. In the past few decades, many studies have been conducted to determine the vitamin requirements of pigs and these have been used by the NRC, but there has been relatively little change in the requirement estimates over that time frame [ 6 , 8 ]. The Feeding Standard of Swine also recommends the amounts of vitamins and trace minerals in the diet of China’s pig producers [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A c c e p t e d A r t i c l eestimates, and 1.14 to 13.6 times that of China's Feeding Standard. Vitamin K 3 was supplemented at8.83 times that of the two requirement estimates. Vitamin D 3 was supplemented at 13.6 times that of China's Feeding Standard.…”

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The strategies for the supplementation of vitamins and trace minerals in pig production: surveying major producers in China

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Anim Biosci

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Objective: Adequate vitamin and trace mineral intake for pig is important to achieve satisfactory growth performance. There are no data available on the vitamin and trace mineral intake across pig producers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the amount of vitamin and trace minerals used in pig diets in China. Methods: A 1-year survey of supplemented vitamin and trace minerals in pig diets was organized in China. A total of 69 producers were invited for the survey, which represents approximately 90% of the pig herd in China. Data were compiled by bodyweight stages to determine descriptive statistics. Nutrients were evaluated for vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, choline, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, and iodine. Data were statistically analyzed by functions in Excel. Results: The results indicated variation for supplemented vitamin (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B 12 , pantothenic acid, niacin, and choline) and trace minerals (copper, manganese, zinc, and iodine) in pig diets, but most vitamins and trace minerals were included at concentrations far above the total dietary requirement estimates reported by the National Research Council and the China's Feeding Standard of Swine. Conclusion: The levels of vitamin and trace mineral used in China's pig industry vary widely. Adding a high concentration for vitamin and trace mineral appears to be common practice in pig diets. This investigation provides a reference for supplementation rates of the vitamins and trace minerals in the China's pig industry.

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Impacts of Dietary Vitamins and Trace Minerals on Growth and Pork Quality in Finishing Pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of nutritional modifications on the water‐holding capacity of fresh pork: a review

Effects of nutritional modifications on the water‐holding capacity of fresh pork: a review

Too Much of a Good Thing: Rethinking Feed Formulation and Feeding Practices for Zinc in Swine Diets to Achieve One Health and Environmental Sustainability

The strategies for the supplementation of vitamins and trace minerals in pig production: surveying major producers in China

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