Impacts of different organic amendments on soil degradation and phytotoxicity of metribuzin

Abstract

Purpose Persistence of herbicides in soil is a major concerning world issue due to their negative impacts on environment and human health. Laboratory and bioassay experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of municipal waste compost (MC) and sheep manure (SM) on metribuzin degradation and phytotoxicity of this herbicide. Methods In degradation studies, soil samples were mixed separately with amendments at a rate of 2.5% (w/w) and metribuzin at a concentration of 5 mg kg −1 soil was used for fortification of selected samples. A liquid extraction method was chosen and final extracts were analyzed by HPLC. In bioassay study, the phytotoxic effects of different concentrations of metribuzin (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1 mg kg −1 soil) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated. Results The results indicated 88.8% degradation of metribuzin in MC during 120-day period followed by SM recording 72.2%, compared to non-amended soil where 59.8% of metribuzin were removed. The half-life was 119.48 days in nonamended soil as compared to 87.72 and 103.43 days in MC and SM application, respectively. MC was the most efficient treatment to accelerate metribuzin dissipation from the soil. Bioassay results showed that metribuzin residues had a negative effect on root and shoot biomass of oilseed rape. However, the root parameter was more sensitive than the shoot. Conclusions It could be concluded that application of organic amendments to agricultural soils is an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil conditions and non-target crop protection as well as the removal of herbicide residues from soil environment.

Irreversible sorption of carbofuran by moderately acidic soil amended with biochar

“…The combination of five biochar treatments was carried out in 10 replicates. Sample of 3 g was taken from each replicate to make carbofuran concentrations in the range of 2 to 20 mg/L (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20 ). All these samples were thoroughly mixed and shaken for 24 hrs in an orbital shaker.…”

“…The combination of five biochar treatments with carbofuran pesticide together was carried out in 10 replicates. The carbofuran concentrations were made in the range of 1 to 20 mg/L (2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20 ).All these samples were thoroughly mixed and shaken for 24 hrs in an orbital shaker till the equilibrium was achieved. An aliquot of 5 g of soil from each treatment was taken to determine the carbofuran concentration using UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 273 nm.…”

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“…Chemical method is an effective management options for weed control. However there are many risks associated with these chemical compounds such as human safety, environmental pollution (Mehdizadeh, 2014), as well as the negative impacts on non-target species (Mehdizadeh, 2016;Mehdizadeh, 2019;Mehdizadeh et al 2019). According to the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department of FAO, aquatic herbicides are a swift and effective technique for managing water hyacinth, in the case of severe infestation.…”

Microbial activity in different soils in response to metribuzin treatment

“…Microorganisms provide the main pathway of metribuzin degradation in soil (Mehdizadeh et al, 2019). In that process, the herbicide may affect their abundance, content and activity.…”