“…Environmental aspects of oil and gas field work in the U.S. are subject to numerous federal statutes such as the National Environmental Policy Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Antiquities Act, and the Threatened and Endangered Species Act. These statutes apply to industry activities on all types of land, although an engineering study (B. Harder, C. John, and A. Dupont 1995), a survey of operators, landowners, and federal land managers (Mitch Kunce, Shelby Gerking, William Morgan 2001), and Congressional testimony (James T. Hackett 2001) suggest that enforcement is more stringent on federal land than on private land.…”