“…The Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency in Ogege et al (2016), defines the major causes of flooding in Nigeria as soil moisture, extreme weather conditions owing to climate change, how dams are functioning, especially those close to the country's borders, and topography. Other causes identified by Nigeria researchers include changes in land use, such as urbanisation, as a trigger to urban flooding, extreme precipitation, inadequate drainage, dumping of refuse on waterways, building on waterways, and river/dam overflow (Umar & Gray, 2022), encroachment, climate change and anthropogenic activities (Ebele & Emodi, 2016) such as broken water pipes and dam overflow (Anabaraonye et al, 2022).…”