Impacts of fungal disease on dyadic social interactions in a wild agamid lizard

Tacey, J.; Class, Barbara; Delmé, C.; Powell, Daniel; Frère, Céline

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.04.002

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…meerkats) express their altruistic behaviour without discriminating between kin and non-kin while some express it only for kin [35]. Second and similarly, some susceptible hosts may avoid infecteds specifically [46,65,66] (but see the opposite in [67,68]) while susceptibles may socialize with susceptibles and infected alike in other systems [66,[69][70][71]. Outside the context of kin selection, inducibility has been found to result in some key differences between the evolution of behavioural and physiological resistance [44]; inducibility dependent on kinship and infection status could significantly change the evolution of behavioural resistance compared to physiological resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associating with kin selects for disease resistance and against tolerance

Walsman,

Lambe,

Stephenson

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Behavioural and physiological resistance are key to slowing epidemic spread. We explore the evolutionary and epidemic consequences of their different costs for the evolution of tolerance that trades off with resistance. Behavioural resistance affects social cohesion, with associated group-level costs, while the cost of physiological resistance accrues only to the individual. Further, resistance, and the associated reduction in transmission, benefit susceptible hosts directly, whereas infected hosts only benefit indirectly, by reducing transmission to kin. We therefore model the coevolution of transmission-reducing resistance expressed in susceptible hosts with resistance expressed in infected hosts, as a function of kin association, and analyse the effect on population-level outcomes. Using parameter values for guppies, Poecilia reticulata , and their gyrodactylid parasites, we find that: (1) either susceptible or infected hosts should invest heavily in resistance, but not both; (2) kin association drives investment in physiological resistance more strongly than in behavioural resistance; and (3) even weak levels of kin association can favour altruistic infected hosts that invest heavily in resistance (versus selfish tolerance), eliminating parasites. Overall, our finding that weak kin association affects the coevolution of infected and susceptible investment in both behavioural and physiological resistance suggests that kin selection may affect disease dynamics across systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associating with kin selects for disease resistance and against tolerance

Walsman,

Lambe,

Stephenson

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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show abstract

“…First, some hosts express their altruistic behaviour indiscriminately but some express it only for kin [29]. Second and similarly, some susceptible hosts may avoid infecteds specifically [40,58,59] while susceptibles may socialize with susceptibles and infecteds alike in other systems [59][60][61][62]. Outside the context of kin selection, inducibility has been found to result in some key differences between the evolution of behavioural and physiological resistance [38]; inducibility dependent on kinship and infection status could significantly change the evolution of behavioural resistance compared to physiological resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associating with kin selects against disease tolerance

Walsman,

Lambe,

Stephenson

2023

Preprint

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Behavioural and physiological immunity are key to slowing epidemic spread. Here, we explore the evolutionary and epidemic consequences of their different costs for the evolution of tolerance vs. resistance: behavioural resistance affects social cohesion, with associated group-level costs, while physiological resistance costs should accrue to the individual. Further, the transmission-reduction benefits of resistance accrue differently to susceptible hosts and those already infected; infected hosts only benefit indirectly, by reducing transmission to kin. We therefore model the coevolution of transmission-reducing defences expressed in susceptible hosts with those expressed in infected hosts, as a function of kin association, and analyse the effect on population-level outcomes. Using parameter values for guppies,Poecilia reticulata, and their gyrodactylid parasites, we find that: 1) either susceptible or infected hosts should invest heavily in preventing infection, but not both; 2) kin association drives investment in physiological resistance more strongly than in behavioural resistance; 3) even weak levels of kin association can favour altruistic infected hosts that invest heavily in resistance (vs. selfish tolerance), eliminating the disease. Overall, our finding that weak kin association affects the coevolution of infected and susceptible investment in both behavioural and physiological immunity suggests that kin selection may affect disease dynamics across systems.

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“…For instance, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) delay the consumption of conspecific carcasses to mitigate the tradeoff between the nutritional value of meat and infection risks (Gonzálvez, Martínez-Carrasco, Sánchez-Zapata, et al, 2021). Further, the risk of parasite infection often exists as a gradient, and variation in parasite risk can occasionally be detected (e.g., Sarabian et al, 2021;Tacey et al, 2023). If potential hosts perceive a risk and do not respond, there is no direct way to measure the landscape of disgust or assess its impact on movement and decision-making.…”

Section: Defining the Landscape Of Disgustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in some cases infected conspecifics with infection-associated pathologies are not avoided. For example, eastern water dragons (Intellagama lesueurii) do not avoid conspecifics infected with a lesion-causing fungus unless the severity of the infection is severe, presumably because the benefits of sociality outweigh the costs of most infections (Tacey et al, 2023).…”

Section: Density Dependence and Socialitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking cues from ecological and evolutionary theories to expand the landscape of disgust

Love,

Heckley,

Webber

2023

Preprint

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1. Individual animals can attempt to prevent or mitigate parasite risks by altering their behaviour or space use. Behavioural change in response to the presence of parasites in the environment generates what is known as the “landscape of disgust” (analogous to the predator-induced “landscape of fear”). Using a spatial description of cues that indicate parasite risk, and characterizing individual responses to those cues, can allow researchers to quantify and interpret how hosts navigate the landscape of disgust. The landscape of disgust framework could facilitate much needed research on the ecological impacts of parasitism, advancing the fields of disease, spatial, and behavioural ecology. 2. Despite the potential for improving our inference of host-parasite dynamics, three key limitations of the landscape of disgust restrict the potential insight that can be gained from current research. First, many host-parasite systems will not be appropriate for invoking the landscape of disgust framework. Second, existing research has primarily focused on immediate choices made by hosts on small scales, limiting predictive power, generalizability, and the value of the insight obtained from the landscape of disgust framework. Finally, relevant ecological and evolutionary theory has not been integrated into the framework, challenging our ability to interpret and understand the application of the landscape of disgust within the context of most host-parasite systems. 3. In this review, we explore the specific requirements for implementing a landscape of disgust framework in empirical systems. We propose an expansion to the landscape of disgust framework that integrates principles from habitat selection and evolutionary theories, aiming to generate novel insight. To discuss the integration of classic ecological and evolutionary theory, we explore how the landscape of disgust varies both within and across generations, presenting opportunities for future research. 4. Despite recent interest in understanding the impact of parasitism on animal behavioural, spatial, and movement ecology, many unanswered questions remain. We build on the landscape of disgust framework by identifying weaknesses and possible applications in different ecological and evolutionary contexts. We encourage researchers to implement this framework empirically to further our understanding of host-parasite systems.

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Impacts of fungal disease on dyadic social interactions in a wild agamid lizard

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Associating with kin selects for disease resistance and against tolerance

Associating with kin selects for disease resistance and against tolerance

Associating with kin selects against disease tolerance

Taking cues from ecological and evolutionary theories to expand the landscape of disgust

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