Impacts of Global Warming on Arctic Biota

Moullec, Mathilde Le; Bender, Morgan Lizabeth

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81253-9_11

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…109 This may be helpful (although not essential) to a claim that a tribunal does not have jurisdiction where an investment is established unlawfully due to corrupt or illegal behaviour and is thus not an investment for the purposes of the treaty, or as a matter going to jurisdiction because there is no consent to arbitrate a dispute relating to such an investment. 110 Corruption may also become relevant in relation to the admissibility of claims relating to corruption or consideration of the merits of a particular claim. Domestic law is clearly relevant here, although an international investment tribunal is not bound to apply decisions of a domestic court, and makes its own determinations on the law to be applied, and thus the relevance, content and impact of domestic law.…”

Section: Treaties and Domestic Law And Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Investment, Investment Treaties and Corruption in China and Hong Kong

Bath,

2024

Asia in Transition

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This chapter focuses on the interaction of domestic regulation of corruption in China and Hong Kong and the increasing number of international arbitration cases brought by and against China. In conjunction with the enormous growth in foreign investment in China since it opened up at the end of the 1970s, China has developed a comprehensive network of international investment agreements (IIAs). Hong Kong is also a party to about 30 IIAs in its own name. Government and business corruption and bribery have been a problem in both jurisdictions. China and Hong Kong have taken active steps to criminalize, and to investigate and prosecute, corruption and to participate in major international initiatives relating to corruption. While corruption has, so far, made a limited appearance in the small number of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases brought by investors against China and cases brought against other states by Chinese and Hong Kong investors, based on existing material, a number of tentative conclusions and recommendations can be made. China should move towards a higher level of transparency, both in relation to ISDS cases and to its domestic criminal law system; both China and Hong Kong should play a more active role in prosecuting bribery by enterprises outside China, including by joining the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Officials; and, finally, China should consider including provisions relating to corruption in its future IIAs in order to demonstrate its commitment to the international war on corruption in business.

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Section: Treaties and Domestic Law And Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign Investment, Investment Treaties and Corruption in China and Hong Kong

Bath,

2024

Asia in Transition

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“…The effects of ice loss on coastal ecosystems are so far most keenly felt in the Arctic (Meredith et al, 2019;Cooley et al, 2022). Here, the formation, melting and persistence of sea ice drives seasonal patterns of coastal productivity, breeding and feeding opportunities, and connectivity (Le Moullec and Bender, 2022). Sea ice can be disruptive, through processes like benthic scouring, but can also be protective, through processes like buffering of coastal erosion (Lebrun et al, 2022).…”

Section: Ice Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the ecological consequences of climate change in coastal ecosystems

Schoeman,

Bolin,

Cooley

2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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Few coastal ecosystems remain untouched by direct human activities, and none are unimpacted by anthropogenic climate change. These drivers interact with and exacerbate each other in complex ways, yielding a mosaic of ecological consequences that range from adaptive responses, such as geographic range shifts and changes in phenology, to severe impacts, such as mass mortalities, ecological regime shifts and loss of biodiversity. Identifying the role of climate change in these phenomena requires corroborating evidence from multiple lines of evidence, including laboratory experiments, field observations, numerical models and palaeorecords. Yet few studies can confidently quantify the magnitude of the effect attributable solely to climate change, because climate change seldom acts alone in coastal ecosystems. Projections of future risk are further complicated by scenario uncertainty – that is, our lack of knowledge about the degree to which humanity will mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions, or will make changes to the other ways we impact coastal ecosystems. Irrespective, ocean warming would be impossible to reverse before the end of the century, and sea levels are likely to continue to rise for centuries and remain elevated for millennia. Therefore, future risks to coastal ecosystems from climate change are projected to mirror the impacts already observed, with severity escalating with cumulative emissions. Promising avenues for progress beyond such qualitative assessments include collaborative modelling initiatives, such as model intercomparison projects, and the use of a broader range of knowledge systems. But we can reduce risks to coastal ecosystems by rapidly reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, by restoring damaged habitats, by regulating non-climate stressors using climate-smart conservation actions, and by implementing inclusive coastal-zone management approaches, especially those involving nature-based solutions.

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“…; Bjorkman et al., 2020 ; Myers‐Smith et al., 2015 , 2020 ; Prevéy et al., 2017 , 2019 ). CC could alter plant species diversity, composition, abundance and species range (Elmendorf et al., 2012 ; Le Moullec & Bender, 2022 ; Myers‐Smith et al., 2011 ). More specifically, temperature increases seem to contribute to widespread greening of tundra ecosystems (García Criado et al., 2020 ) and the expansion of the shrub layer, also known as shrubification (McManus et al., 2012 ; Myers‐Smith et al., 2011 ; Sturm et al., 2001 ; Tape et al., 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cryptic syngameon withinBetulashrubs revealed: Implications for conservation in changing subarctic environments

Touchette,

Godbout,

Lamothe

et al. 2024

Evolutionary Applications

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Arctic and subarctic ecosystems are rapidly transforming due to global warming, emphasizing the need to understand the genetic diversity and adaptive strategies of northern plant species for effective conservation. This study focuses on Betula glandulosa, a native North American tundra shrub known as dwarf birch, which demonstrates an apparent capacity to adapt to changing climate conditions. To address the taxonomic challenges associated with shrub birches and logistical complexities of sampling in the northernmost areas where species' ranges overlap, we adopted a multicriteria approach. Incorporating molecular data, ploidy level assessment and leaf morphology, we aimed to distinguish B. glandulosa individuals from other shrub birch species sampled. Our results revealed three distinct species and their hybrids within the 537 collected samples, suggesting the existence of a shrub birch syngameon, a reproductive network of interconnected species. Additionally, we identified two discrete genetic clusters within the core species, B. glandulosa, that likely correspond to two different glacial lineages. A comparison between the nuclear and chloroplast SNP data emphasizes a long history of gene exchange between different birch species and genetic clusters. Furthermore, our results highlight the significance of incorporating interfertile congeneric species in conservation strategies and underscores the need for a holistic approach to conservation in the context of climate change, considering the complex dynamics of species interactions. While further research will be needed to describe this shrub birches syngameon and its constituents, this study is a first step in recognizing its existence and disseminating awareness among ecologists and conservation practitioners. This biological phenomenon, which offers evolutionary flexibility and resilience beyond what its constituent species can achieve individually, may have significant ecological implications.

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Impacts of Global Warming on Arctic Biota

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Foreign Investment, Investment Treaties and Corruption in China and Hong Kong

Foreign Investment, Investment Treaties and Corruption in China and Hong Kong

Quantifying the ecological consequences of climate change in coastal ecosystems

A cryptic syngameon withinBetulashrubs revealed: Implications for conservation in changing subarctic environments

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