Impacts of hydraulic fracturing wastewater from oil and gas industries on drinking water: Quantification of 69 disinfection by-products and calculated toxicity

Assessing the Health Impact of Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water

“…The higher or lower levels of NOM are proportional to the amount of formed DBPs. Therefore, the type and concentration of DBPs formed can differ between these sources of water. − Rural versus urban areas: in rural water sources, NOM levels arise from agricultural runoff, fertilizer and pesticide applications, animal husbandry, and inefficient irrigation. Conversely, urban water sources exhibit distinct organic matter compositions influenced by industrial effluents, amount of heavy metals, oil, and grease .…”

“…The higher or lower levels of NOM are proportional to the amount of formed DBPs. Therefore, the type and concentration of DBPs formed can differ between these sources of water. − …”

“…To assess the toxicity level of each DBP, researchers have utilized various methods such as in vivo and in vitro bioassays as well as epidemiologic studies and quantitative structure–activity relationship techniques . The findings from these studies indicate that exposure to DBPs through ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation can result in significant health risks, including genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. ,,− ,,,− Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a substance to damage DNA, which can result in mutations and increase the risk of cancer. Cytotoxicity, on the other hand, refers to the ability of a substance to harm or kill cells, which can lead to tissue damage and organ failure.…”

Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues

“…Impacts of hydraulic fracturing wastewater on DBPs was the focus of another study by Abraham et al, who measured 69 regulated and priority unregulated DBPs in simulated chlorinated and chloraminated drinking waters supplemented with 1% of real fracking wastewater . Oil and gas wastewater has the potential to impact sources through spills during storage or transportation, improper disposable, and through discharge from WWTPs.…”

“…Elevated DOC levels persisted up to 4 days following the rain event (i.e., storm). Controlled chlorination reactions and analysis of 25 96 Oil and gas wastewater has the potential to impact sources through spills during storage or transportation, improper disposable, and through discharge from WWTPs. There is concern over impacts on DBPs in drinking water, as these fracking wastewaters can have extremely high levels of bromide and iodide (up to thousands of mg/L bromide and tens of mg/L of iodide) and unique contaminants used in the fracking process, which could potentially lead to toxic products formed in drinking water treatment.…”