This chapter explores the advancement in data, models, and application for observing and estimating land use impacts on surface climate, and points out further research needs and priorities, which will provide some references for related studies. The reclassification of time series land cover data can meet the accuracy requirement of climate simulation and can be used as the parameters of dynamical downscaling in regional climate simulation, which enhances the data processing and laid a good foundation for Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) simulation.There have been tremendous changes of global land use pattern in the past 50 years, which has enormous influence on global climate change. Quantitative analysis for the impacts of LUCC on surface climate is one of the core scientific issues to understand the influence of human activities on global climate. For instance, the diverse roles of LUCC on precipitation have been documented and sustained rapid land conversions make human-induced disturbances of climate system continue and become even more significant (Pielke et al. 2007). The review paper of Deng et al. (2013a), comprehensively analyzed the primary scientific issues about the impacts of LUCC on regional climate and systematically reviewed the progress in relevant researches. In this chapter, we summarize the major