Impacts of land use on an insectivorous tropical bat: The importance of mercury, physio-immunology and trophic position

Czirják, Gábor Á.; Bustamante, Paco; Bumrungsri, Sara; Voigt, Christian C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.398

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…We observed a clear elevation in haptoglobin, an acute phase protein of the innate immune response, following the LPS challenge. Haptoglobin has only been measured in a few bats, which showed a clear elevation in response to fungal 34 and human stress 38 . In both free and captive bats, haptoglobin continuously increased during the entire period of the study, as also observed in other mammals 64 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haptoglobin concentration To measure the concentration of haptoglobin, the standard procedure of the commercial kit "PHASE"TM Haptoglobin Assay (Tridelta, Maynooth, Ireland) was followed, which was already used in other bat species 34,38 . Briefly, after diluting the plasma samples (1:2) with PBS, haemoglobin was added.…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysozyme concentration To measure lysozyme concentration, we used the lysoplate assay, which was adapted to low sample volumes 38,69 . Briefly, we prepared 1% noble agar (Sigma Aldrich) with PBS at pH = 6.3 and we added the required amount of lysozyme-sensitive bacteria Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC #4698 (Sigma Aldrich) to reach a bacterial concentration of 50 mg/100 ml in the agar.…”

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysozyme is a highly conserved antibacterial enzyme 35 , which hydrolyzes cell wall peptidoglycan and modulates the immune response to infection 36 . Despite its key role in the immune response, lysozyme has only been recorded in bats as a component of the digestive system 37 and as a measure of environmental disturbance 38 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sick Bats Stay Home Alone: Social distancing during the acute phase response in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

Moreno

Weinberg

Harten

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractAlong with its many advantages, social roosting imposes a major risk of pathogen transmission. How social animals, and especially free-ranging mammals, reduce this risk is poorly documented. We used lipopolysaccharide injection to imitate bacterial sickness in both a captive and a free-ranging colony of an extremely social mammal – the Egyptian fruit bat. We monitored behavioral and physiological responses using an arsenal of methods, including on-board GPS and acceleration, video, temperature and weight measurements, and blood samples. Sick-like bats exhibited an increased immune response, as well as classical illness symptoms including fever, weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy. Notably, they also isolated themselves from the group by leaving the social cluster and avoiding contact. Free-ranging individuals ceased foraging outdoors for at least two nights. Together, these sickness behaviors demonstrate a strong, integrative immune response which protects both individuals and their group members from transmission of pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sick Bats Stay Home Alone: Social distancing during the acute phase response in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

Moreno

Weinberg

Harten

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Iron‐binding glycoprotein TF helps maintain iron homeostasis, which is altered during infections and which influences modulation of innate immune defences and prevention of pathogen survival (Ganz & Nemeth, 2015). It is functionally similar to haptoglobin, another important APP in bats (Costantini, Czirják, Bustamante, Bumrungsri, & Voigt, 2019; Fritze et al., 2019), which has been identified in the wing tissue transcriptome of WNS positive M. lucifugus (Field et al., 2015). As a major protease inhibitor, A2M is involved in regulating inflammatory processes by scavenging defensins and inhibiting proteases of host and nonhost origin, which protects inflamed tissues against excessive damage (Rehmann, Ahsan, & Khan, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma proteomic profiles differ between European and North American myotid bats colonized by Pseudogymnoascus destructans

et al. 2020

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Emerging fungal diseases have become challenges for wildlife health and conservation. North American hibernating bat species are threatened by the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) causing the disease called white-nose syndrome (WNS) with unprecedented mortality rates. The fungus is widespread in North America and Europe, however, disease is not manifested in European bats. Differences in epidemiology and pathology indicate an evolution of resistance or tolerance mechanisms towards Pd in European bats. We compared the proteomic profile of blood plasma in healthy and Pd-colonized European Myotis myotis and North American Myotis lucifugus in order to identify pathophysiological changes associated with Pd colonization, which might also explain the differences in bat survival. Expression analyses of plasma proteins revealed differences in healthy and Pd-colonized M. lucifugus, but not in M. myotis. We identified differentially expressed proteins for acute phase response, constitutive and adaptive immunity, oxidative stress defence, metabolism and structural proteins of exosomes and desmosomes, suggesting a systemic response against Pd in North American M. lucifugus but not European M. myotis. The differences in plasma proteomic profiles between European and North American bat species colonized by Pd suggest European bats have evolved tolerance mechanisms towards Pd infection.

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Faunal Biodiversity in Rice-Dominated Wetlands—An Essential Component of Sustainable Rice Production

Propper,

Singleton,

Sedlock

et al. 2023

Closing Rice Yield Gaps in Asia

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Rice agriculture provides wetlands and complex habitats supporting biodiversity. Wetlands associated with rice agriculture since the 1960s have increased by 32% and now form nearly 12% of wetlands globally at a time when vast areas of natural wetlands are being lost. In this chapter, we set our sights beyond Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 that focuses on ending hunger and achieving food security via the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Often, agricultural scientists are so motivated to achieve food security that they pay insufficient attention to the need to have a healthy and dynamic agroecosystem that promotes floral and faunal biodiversity, which may also provide ecosystem services including support for food security of smallholder families. Because of their aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial ecological phases, rice fields represent a changing mosaic of ecological niches and have the potential to sustain a broad diversity of wildlife. In addition, a multitude of studies have investigated how modifications to rice cultivation have the potential to support a greater diversity of species across biological scales while often maintaining or increasing yield. SDG 15 emphasizes the need to promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and halt biodiversity loss. Given the high losses in global biodiversity, especially in tropical zones where most of the world’s rice is grown, we set our sights on achieving both SDGs 2 and 15. We provide case studies on amphibians, bats, birds, and rodents living in and around irrigated rice-cropping systems. We report on transdisciplinary studies supported by CORIGAP that include agronomic, sociological, ecological, biochemical, environmental physiological, and genomic studies. Most of these studies identify potential positive ecosystem services provided by wildlife, which can lead to more sustainable and healthier rice production landscapes. We conclude that our current management of rice landscapes contributes to the biodiversity crisis. Rice production often overuses pesticides and fertilizers and applies unsustainable intensification practices and land modifications, which result in biodiversity loss. Finding a balance, where human population requirements for food are met without degrading the natural environment, is critical to the health of smallholder agricultural communities. We propose that future research and development projects need to: build capacity of countries to scale-up use of proven practices that reduce rice farming’s ecological footprint and conserve biodiversity, increase investment in biodiversity research in rice production landscapes, promote Green “Rice Value Chains” and “Agri-input Markets,” and monitor and evaluate the ecological benefits to biodiversity of broadscale promotion of sustainable rice production.

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Impacts of land use on an insectivorous tropical bat: The importance of mercury, physio-immunology and trophic position

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Sick Bats Stay Home Alone: Social distancing during the acute phase response in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

Sick Bats Stay Home Alone: Social distancing during the acute phase response in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

Plasma proteomic profiles differ between European and North American myotid bats colonized by Pseudogymnoascus destructans

Faunal Biodiversity in Rice-Dominated Wetlands—An Essential Component of Sustainable Rice Production

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