Impacts of Landscape Transformation by Roads

Carr, Laurie W.; Fahrig, Lenore; Pope, Shealagh E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0059-5_13

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…and not on how management strategies might serve to mitigate those effects. Results from studies specific to the Pacific Northwest are equivocal, particularly when it comes to species-specific responses, and most studies of the influences of habitat loss, fragmentation, or related mortality risks have not assessed the population-level implications of those impacts (Dupuis et al, 1995;Dupuis and Waterhouse, 2001;Greenberg, 2001;Aubry, 2000;Biek et al, 2002;Carr et al, 2002;Russell et al, 2002;MacCracken, 2004;Cushman, 2006;Karraker and Welsh, 2006). Although some generalizations about the effects of timber harvest on the relative abundance of amphibians can be made from those studies, no data exist on the longer-term, posttreatment effects of timber harvest and associated habitat-management strategies on the relative abundance or species richness of amphibians in the Pacific Northwest (Cushman, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temporal changes in the relative abundance of amphibians relative to riparian buffer width in western Washington, USA

Hawkes

Gregory

2012

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temporal changes in the relative abundance of amphibians relative to riparian buffer width in western Washington, USA

Hawkes

Gregory

2012

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Additionally, a spatially explicit population model showed that the effects of road fencing on population persistence can depend on frequency of traffic mortality and on individual behavior of animals in a population (e.g., road avoidance; Jaeger and Fahrig, 2004). Roadside fencing can fragment and isolate local populations (see Carr et al, 2002 for examples), which is likely to be more detrimental to population persistence than is road mortality when traffic volume is low or when behavioral avoidance of roads by the species is high (Jaeger et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of roads and roadside fencing on movements, space use, and carapace temperatures of a threatened tortoise

Peaden

Nowakowski

Tuberville

et al. 2017

Biological Conservation

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A B S T R A C TRoads are widespread features of many landscapes that can negatively affect wildlife, most notably through animal-vehicle collisions. Roadside fencing has increasingly been installed to help eliminate this source of mortality. While fencing may reduce road mortality, other types of wildlife responses to this novel barrier are not well understood. Here, we examined the movement behavior, space use, and carapace temperatures of Mojave Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) as they interacted with a roadside fence and an unfenced road. Using GPS loggers, we tracked tortoise movements for two years at 15-min intervals. We found that carapace temperatures were greater near structures (fence or unfenced road) than away from structures; tortoises near the unfenced road had higher mean carapace temperatures, but tortoises along the fence experienced more extreme upper temperatures that approached the species' thermal limit. Movement speeds were also higher along the structures than away from them. Tortoise home range sizes decreased with proximity to the fence or road; fragmentation of home ranges and road-crossing avoidance may have contributed to smaller home ranges along the fenced and unfenced road, respectively. While tortoises crossed the road significantly less than expected by chance, they did so primarily in May and July and in areas with washes, indicating that placement of roadside fencing and animal underpasses could be optimized by targeting areas where roads intersect washes. Taken together, our results suggest that roadside fencing can affect behavior, space use, and thermal ecology of tortoises, which may require refinements to future conservation strategies involving roadside fencing.

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“…Roads and railways act as barriers to movement for many animal species (Spellerberg 1998, Trombulak and Frissell 2000, Carr et al 2002, Forman et al 2003. In combination with growing urban areas and intensified agricultural land use, they increasingly narrow and separate the remaining wildlife habitats (Forman 1995, Hammer et al 2004, Robinson et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Series of Landscape Fragmentation Caused by Transportation Infrastructure and Urban Development: a Case Study from Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Jaeger¹,

Raumer²,

Esswein³

et al. 2007

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Landscape fragmentation is increasingly considered an important environmental indicator in the fields of sustainable land use and biodiversity. To set goals for future development and to plan appropriate measures, suitable empirical data on the degree of landscape fragmentation are needed to identify trends and compare different regions. However, there is still a significant lack of data on landscape fragmentation as an indicator, despite the substantial scientific literature on this topic, likely because of confusion over the definition of "fragmentation," questions associated with scale and data issues, and lack of general agreement on a fragmentation measure. This study presents a state-wide quantitative analysis of landscape fragmentation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, by means of the "effective mesh size" (m eff ), which characterizes the anthropogenic penetration of landscapes from a geometric point of view and is based on the probability that two randomly chosen points in a landscape are connected, i.e., not separated by barriers such as roads, railroads, or urban areas. Baden-Württemberg is fragmented to a far greater extent than indicated by previous studies. The m eff has decreased by 40% since 1930. This development is strongly related to the growing number of inhabitants, the increased use of motorized vehicles, and the hierarchical regional planning system based on the central place theory. To illustrate the suitability of the m eff method for environmental monitoring, as a planning instrument and as an assessment instrument for impact assessment studies, we explored several variations of applying the method with regard to choice of fragmenting elements, consideration of noise bands, spatial differentiation (e.g., administrative districts vs. ecoregions), and way of dealing with patches at the boundaries of the reporting units. Depending on the objectives of the investigation (e.g., recreational quality vs. suitability for wildlife habitat), different variations may be most appropriate. The insights and quantitative results from Baden-Württemberg provide a yardstick for analyzing and assessing landscape fragmentation in other countries.

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Impacts of Landscape Transformation by Roads

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Temporal changes in the relative abundance of amphibians relative to riparian buffer width in western Washington, USA

Temporal changes in the relative abundance of amphibians relative to riparian buffer width in western Washington, USA

Effects of roads and roadside fencing on movements, space use, and carapace temperatures of a threatened tortoise

Time Series of Landscape Fragmentation Caused by Transportation Infrastructure and Urban Development: a Case Study from Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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Impacts of Landscape Transformation by Roads

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Temporal changes in the relative abundance of amphibians relative to riparian buffer width in western Washington, USA

Temporal changes in the relative abundance of amphibians relative to riparian buffer width in western Washington, USA

Effects of roads and roadside fencing on movements, space use, and carapace temperatures of a threatened tortoise

Time Series of Landscape Fragmentation Caused by Transportation Infrastructure and Urban Development: a Case Study from Baden-W&#252;rttemberg, Germany

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Time Series of Landscape Fragmentation Caused by Transportation Infrastructure and Urban Development: a Case Study from Baden-Württemberg, Germany