“…Over the past few years, analytical techniques, such as ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, have promoted research on the chemical characterisation of OFGs, such as water-soluble ionic species (WSIS), PAHs, and dioxins, in different environmental media [ 9 , 10 , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ]. Although these techniques exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity, they also have some disadvantages.…”