Impacts of nutritional technology on feeds offered to horses: A review of effects of processing on voluntary intake, digesta characteristics and feed utilisation

Hill, João Ari Gualberto

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.06.018

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Additionally, fiber presents certain physicochemical properties, such as its solubility, particle size, hydration capacity and viscosity (Potty, 1996), and smaller-sized particles increase the water retention capacity (Hill, 2007). One hypothesis for explaining the increased transit time of the solute phase is that some physical properties of fiber can be altered by mechanical processes, and we suggest that the great reduction of particle size helped to increase the association of small particles with the solute phase, which would increase the viscosity of the digesta and affect its transit time.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agrotec., Lavras, v.38, n.5, p.506-514, set./out., 2014 to be confirmed using commercial standard ground diets, as little information on the supply of physically modified feedstuffs is available in the literature. Hill (2007) described the effects of feedstuff processing in horse diets and suggested that the increased interest on the subject was due to the large number of horses that are kept stalled, which are fed dry forage and concentrate exclusively during most of the year. The author concluded that further studies are necessary to understand the effects of industrial processing on physical and chemical modification in the digestive tract of horses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees

et al. 2014

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This study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics, physicochemical characteristics and particle size of digesta in the right ventral colon (RVC) of horses fed coastcross hay ground to different degrees. Four horses fitted with cannulae in the RVC were used and were fed the following forms of hay: long, chopped, ground to 5 mm and ground to 3 mm. A Latin Square 4x4 study design was used. Each experimental period included 10 days for diet adaptation, four days for feces collection and one day for digesta collection. The kinetics of the particulate and solute phases of digesta were evaluated based on the mean retention time (MRT), passage rate (k) and transit time (TT) using two external markers: Cr-NDF and Co-EDTA. The TT of solid phase digesta was 3 hours longer (P<0.05) for ground hay than with the other physical forms of hay. There was no difference (P>0.05) in k or MRT in either the liquid or solid phase of digesta as a function of the different degrees of hay grinding. However, the liquid phase of digesta presented a higher k than the solid phase, with values of 3.28 and 2.73 h -1 being obtained, respectively. The smallest particle size and the lowest neutral detergent fiber contents in colon digesta were observed when hay ground to 3 mm was offered, leading to values of 0.51 mm and 53.46%, respectively. Grinding the hay increased the transit time of the liquid phase in the digestive tract of the horses, whereas no change in the kinetics of the solid phase digesta was observed. The grinding of hay reduced the NDF and the average particle size in the right ventral colon.Index terms: Chromium, digestion, particle size, passage rate. RESUMOEste trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a cinética de passagem da digesta, as características físico-químicas e o tamanho da partícula da digesta do cólon ventral direito (CVD) de equinos alimentados com feno de coastcross com diferentes tamanhos de partículas. Utilizaram-se quatro equinos fistulados CVD alimentados exclusivamente com feno de coastcross: inteiro; feno picado, moído (5 mm) e moído (3 mm). Utilizou-se o delineamento em quadrado latino 4x4. Cada período experimental teve 10 dias de adaptação às dietas, quatro dias de coleta de fezes e um dia de coleta do conteúdo do cólon. A cinética de passagem da fase sólida e líquida da digesta no trato digestório foi estimada através do tempo médio de retenção (TMR), da taxa de passagem (k) e do tempo de trânsito (TT) utilizando os indicadores: Cr-FDN e Co-EDTA. O TT da fase sólida da digesta foi maior em 3 horas (P<0,05) nos equinos alimentados com o feno moído, em relação às outras formas do feno. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) no TMR e k tanto da fase líquida quanto na sólida da digesta em função das diferentes formas físicas do feno. No entanto, houve maior velocidade de passagem da fase líquida de 3,28 h -1 , comparada à fase sólida, de 2,73 h -1 , em todas as dietas. Quando se forneceu feno moído a 3 mm foram observados o menor tamanho de partícula e o menor teor da fibra em detergente neutro na digesta do cólon...

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees

et al. 2014

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“…According to Hill (2007), palatability can be defined as the sensory perception of the feed, which can be influenced by smell, nutrients, or textures. Thus, it is noteworthy that, throughout the experiment, the peach palm meal underwent the oxidation process, which was visible by the change in color.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal

Santos

Pereira

Silva

et al. 2016

SCA

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal replacing maize (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85% DM). Thirty Santa Inês sheep with an average initial body weight of 21.6 ± 0.87 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with five diets and six replicates. Feeding time in min kg -1 DM and min kg -1 NDFap increased by 34 min and 99.6 min, respectively, with each level of substitution of maize for the peach palm meal. Rumination and chewing times, in min kg -1 DM and min kg -1 NDF, also increased in response to the substitution of maize for peach palm meal. When expressed in min day -1 , rumination and chewing activities decreased by 12.4 and 14.6 min, respectively, as the amount of peach palm meal in the concentrate was increased. The time spent idle increased linearly (P<0.05), by 14.6 min day -1 , with the replacement levels, compared with the control diet. Peach palm meal in the composition of sheep diets reduces the intakes of dry matter and fiber and decreases the feed and rumination efficiencies. Replacing maize by peach palm meal increases the feeding time and rumination and chewing activities of feedlot lambs. Key words: Feed. Ethology. Idle. Rumination. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar o consumo de matéria seca, de fibra e o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de pupunha em substituição ao milho (0, 10, 40, 60 e 85% da MS do concentrado). Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, da raça Santa Inês, machos, não castrados, com peso corporal médio inicial de 21,6 ± 0,87 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco dietas e seis repetições. Os tempos de alimentação em min kg -1 de matéria seca (MS) e min kg -1de fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinza e proteína (FDNcp) apresentaram, respectivamente, incrementos de 34 minutos e 99,6 minutos para cada nível de substituição do milho pela farinha de pupunha. Assim como os tempos de ruminação e mastigação, em min kg -1 de MS e min kg -1 de FDNcp

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This pattern of feed supply is not as expected by the horse's phylogenetic adaptation to grassland environments (Janis, 1976). These management procedures have important implications on the utilization of nutrients from both concentrate and forage components of the total ration, on the digestive tract in general and the hindgut in particular and, of course, on the health and welfare of the horse (Hill, 2007).The process of understanding and describing forage degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive ecosystem in general, and in the hindgut in particular, is essential to provide information for proper feeding practices to be implemented. Despite the anatomical and placement differences between the rumen and the hindgut of horses, comparison between these digestive compartments is routinely discussed.…”

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confidence: 98%

Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

Santos¹,

Rodrigues²,

Bessa³

et al. 2011

Animal

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Having evolved as a grazing animal, a horse's digestive physiology is characterized by rapid gastric transit, a rapid but intense enzymatic digestion along the small intestine, and a long and intense microbial fermentation in the large intestine. The process of understanding and describing feed degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive system in general, and in the hindgut ecosystem in particular, is essential. Regardless of its importance for the nutritional status of the host, the significance of the cecum-colon ecosystem has not yet been fully understood, and few reports have focused deeply on the contribution of the hindgut microbial population to the nitrogen and energy requirements of the horse. Compared to ruminal activity, very little is known about hindgut ecosystem activity in the horse. Information concerning the metabolism of this microbial population and its requirements is lacking. The use of internal bacterial markers for quantifying microbial outflow in ruminants is widely reported. These techniques can be applied to cecum-colon microbial quantification, contributing to a better characterization of this ecosystem. It is likely wrong to believe that the optimization strategy in the hindgut is similar to what happens in the rumen -that is, to maximize microbial growth and, therefore, fermentation. If we consider the type of substrate that, in normal conditions, arrives in the hindgut, we can expect it to be nitrogen limiting, providing limited nitrogen-based substrates for microbial fermentation. In this review paper, we intend to gather existing information on the equine ecosystem and to provide future perspectives of research.Keywords: horse, cecum, colon, digestive strategy ImplicationsThe process of understanding and describing degradation mechanisms in the equine digestive ecosystem in general, and in the hindgut in particular, is essential to provide information for proper feeding practices to be implemented. Regardless of its importance for the nutritional status of the host, the significance of hindgut fermentation has not yet been fully understood, and few reports have focused deeply on the contribution of the hindgut microbial population to the nitrogen and energy requirements of the horse. In this review paper, we intend to gather existing information on the equine ecosystem and to provide future perspectives of research. IntroductionHorses are free-ranging herbivores of grassland environments adapted to eat large quantities of high fiber feeds (Janis, 1976;Bennett, 1980). Nowadays, with the increase of their use in sports and leisure, many horses are housed during long periods of time and fed daily on two or three meals of forages plus concentrate. The forage component of the diet is sometimes characterized by having low-tomedium energy concentration and variable levels of fiber and protein (Micol and Martin-Rosset, 1995). This pattern of feed supply is not as expected by the horse's phylogenetic adaptation to grassland environments (Janis, 1976). These management procedures have i...

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Impacts of nutritional technology on feeds offered to horses: A review of effects of processing on voluntary intake, digesta characteristics and feed utilisation

Cited by 26 publications

References 74 publications

Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees

Passage kinetics of digesta in horses fed with coastcross hay ground to different degrees

Feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal

Understanding the equine cecum-colon ecosystem: current knowledge and future perspectives

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