Impacts of Offshore Oil and Gas Development on Marine Wildlife Resources

Fraser, Gail S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1954-3_10

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Oiled murres and Dovekies (Alle alle), the species most susceptible to oil pollution, have been recorded in small numbers at offshore oil platforms . We were unable to identify published studies that document seabird mortality due to attraction to platforms and marine vessels for Canadian waters and this has been identified as a significant data gap by Burke et al (2012) andFraser (2013).…”

Section: Platform Attractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of Migratory Birds from Marine Commercial Fisheries and Offshore Oil and Gas Production in Canada

Ellis¹,

Wilhelm²,

Hedd³

et al. 2013

ACE

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. 2013. Mortality of migratory birds from marine commercial fisheries and offshore oil and gas production in Canada. Avian Conservation and Ecology 8(2): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00589-080204 ABSTRACT. There is an imminent need for conservation and best-practice management efforts in marine ecosystems where global-scale declines in the biodiversity and biomass of large vertebrate predators are increasing and marine communities are being altered. We examine two marine-based industries that incidentally take migratory birds in Canada: (1) commercial fisheries, through bycatch, and (2) offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production. We summarize information from the scientific literature and technical reports and also present new information from recently analyzed data to assess the magnitude and scope of mortality. Fisheries bycatch was responsible for the highest levels of incidental take of migratory bird species; estimated combined take in the longline, gillnet, and bottom otter trawl fisheries within the Atlantic, including the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Pacific regions was 2679 to 45,586 birds per year. For the offshore oil and gas sector, mortality estimates ranged from 188 to 4494 deaths per year due to the discharge of produced waters resulting in oil sheens and collisions with platforms and vessels; however these estimates for the oil and gas sector are based on many untested assumptions. In spite of the uncertainties, we feel levels of mortality from these two industries are unlikely to affect the marine bird community in Canada, but some effects on local populations from bycatch are likely. Further research and monitoring will be required to: (1) better estimate fisheriesrelated mortality for vulnerable species and populations that may be impacted by local fisheries, (2) determine the effects of oil sheens from produced waters, and attraction to platforms and associated mortality from collisions, sheens, and flaring, so that better estimates of mortality from the offshore oil and gas sector can be obtained, and (3) determine impacts associated with accidental spills, which are not included in our current assessment. With a better understanding of the direct mortality of marine birds from industry, appropriate mitigation and management actions can be implemented. Cooperation from industry for data collection, research to fill knowledge gaps, and implementation of mitigation approaches will all be needed to conserve marine birds in Canada.RÉSUMÉ. Dans les écosystèmes marins, le déclin de la biodiversité et de la biomasse des grands prédateurs vertébrés s'accentue à l'échelle globale et les communautés marines subissent de plus en plus de perturbations. Étant donné la situation, il est important de faire des efforts de conservation et de pratiques exemplaires de gestion pour ces écosystèmes. Nous avons examiné deux industries du milieu marin qui entraînent des prises accessoires d'oiseaux migrateurs au Canada : 1) la pêche commerciale; et 2) l'exploration, le développement et l'exploi...

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Section: Platform Attractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of Migratory Birds from Marine Commercial Fisheries and Offshore Oil and Gas Production in Canada

Ellis¹,

Wilhelm²,

Hedd³

et al. 2013

ACE

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“…On British Columbia, see Swift et al (2011), Krzyzanowski (2012), Williams (2012), Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (2014), and Rivard et al (2014). On Newfoundland and Labrador, see Brander-Smith, Therrien, and Tobin (1990), Transport Canada (2007), and Fraser (2014). Finally, on Saskatchewan, see Great Sand Hills Scientific Advisory Committee (2007) and Nasen, Noble, and Johnstone (2011).…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Policy Convergence in Canada's Fossil Fuel Provinces? Regulatory Streamlining, Impediments, and Drift

Carter

Fraser

Zalik

2017

Canadian Public Policy

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Dans cet article, les auteurs définissent trois tendances importantes que l'on a observées, de 2009 à 2014, dans les politiques environnementales liées à l'exploitation pétrolière et gazière dans les provinces canadiennes qui sont les plus grandes productrices (Alberta, Colombie-Britannique, Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador et Saskatchewan). Ces tendances sont : la rationalisation des politiques environnementales surtout par le recours à des organismes axés sur le développement ; la mise en place continuelle d'obstacles à la participation du public dans la prise de décisions liées aux activités pétrolières et gazières ; et l'absence d'évaluation des impacts cumulatifs. Ces tendances indiquent que l'objectif des politiques environnementales a été de faciliter l'exploitation pétrolière et gazière au cours d'une période où cette exploitation s'est accélérée et où les politiques environnementales fédérales se sont affaiblies. Plus largement, cela confirme l'existence du modèle de politique classique des É tats infranationaux dont l'économie est très liée à l'énergie.

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“…Juvenile birds' feathers also represent a shorter period over which Hg can accumulate (Monteiro and Furness, 2001), so their low concentrations compared to the two boobies is expected. Overall, the low concentration of elements in all three seabird species sampled (Tables 1 and 2) suggests the local marine environment around Bedout Island is in relatively good condition, particularly compared to other areas with more offshore development (Boersma, 1986;Fraser, 2014).…”

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Trace element concentrations in feathers from three seabird species breeding in the Timor Sea

Lavers

Humphreys‐Williams

Crameri

et al. 2020

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Mobile marine predators, such as seabirds, are frequently used as broad samplers of contaminants that are widespread in the marine environment. The Timor Sea off remote Western Australia is a poorly studied, yet rapidly expanding area of offshore development. To provide much needed data on contamination in this region, we quantified trace element concentrations in breast feathers of three seabird species breeding on Bedout Island. While adult Masked Boobies Sula dactylatra exhibited some of the highest concentrations, values for all species were below toxicology thresholds for seabirds and were comparable to those reported in other closely related species. The low concentrations detected in the birds provides a valuable baseline and suggests the local marine environment around Bedout is in relatively good condition. However, careful monitoring is warranted in light increasing anthropogenic activity in this region.

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Impacts of Offshore Oil and Gas Development on Marine Wildlife Resources

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Mortality of Migratory Birds from Marine Commercial Fisheries and Offshore Oil and Gas Production in Canada

Mortality of Migratory Birds from Marine Commercial Fisheries and Offshore Oil and Gas Production in Canada

Environmental Policy Convergence in Canada's Fossil Fuel Provinces? Regulatory Streamlining, Impediments, and Drift

Trace element concentrations in feathers from three seabird species breeding in the Timor Sea

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