Impacts of peat-forest smoke on urban PM2.5 in the Maritime Continent during 2012–2015: Carbonaceous profiles and indicators

Tham, Jackson; Sarkar, Sayantan; Jia, Shiguo; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Mishra, Shailendra; Sudiana, I Made; Swarup, Sanjay; Ong, Choon Nam; Yu, Liya E.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.049

Cited by 48 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Southeast Asia (SEA; here defined as Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Brunei, Cambodia, and Laos), a well-known region for its high pollution loadings and complex meteorology (Lin et al, 2013;Salinas et al, 2013;Tsay et al, 2016;Kusumaningtyas et al, 2018;Khamkaew et al, 2016;Pani et al, 2016aPani et al, , 2016bPani et al, , 2018Pani et al, , 2019aPani et al, , 2019bPani et al, , 2020Hien et al, 2019;Tham et al, 2019;Dahari et al, 2020), has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic with a surge of new cases recently (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of COVID-19 pandemic with meteorological parameters over Singapore

Pani

Lin

Babu

2020

Science of The Total Environment

218

246

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of COVID-19 pandemic with meteorological parameters over Singapore

Pani

Lin

Babu

2020

Science of The Total Environment

218

246

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“…Despite this lack of peat-specific fresh and aged source profiles, results have been published for source apportionment in Indonesia (See et al, 2007), Malaysia (Fujii et al, 2017), Singapore (Budisulistiorini et al, 2018), and Ireland (Dall'Osto et al, 2013;Kourtchev et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2019). These have involved sampling under environments dominated by near-source and far-from-source emissions, such as the 2015 Indonesia burning episode, to determine changes in thermally derived carbon fractions with aging (Tham et al, 2019) and inference of aged peat burning profiles from positive matrix factorization (PMF) application to chemically speciated ambient PM samples (Fujii et al, 2017). Budisulistiorini et al (2018) observe that ".…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> peat combustion source profiles with atmospheric aging in an oxidation flow reactor

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Smoke from laboratory chamber burning of peat fuels from Russia, Siberia, the USA (Alaska and Florida), and Malaysia representing boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions was sampled before and after passing through a potential-aerosol-mass oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR) to simulate intermediately aged (∼2 d) and well-aged (∼7 d) source profiles. Species abundances in PM2.5 between aged and fresh profiles varied by several orders of magnitude with two distinguishable clusters, centered around 0.1 % for reactive and ionic species and centered around 10 % for carbon. Organic carbon (OC) accounted for 58 %–85 % of PM2.5 mass in fresh profiles with low elemental carbon (EC) abundances (0.67 %–4.4 %). OC abundances decreased by 20 %–33 % for well-aged profiles, with reductions of 3 %–14 % for the volatile OC fractions (e.g., OC1 and OC2, thermally evolved at 140 and 280 ∘C). Ratios of organic matter (OM) to OC abundances increased by 12 %–19 % from intermediately aged to well-aged smoke. Ratios of ammonia (NH3) to PM2.5 decreased after intermediate aging. Well-aged NH4+ and NO3- abundances increased to 7 %–8 % of PM2.5 mass, associated with decreases in NH3, low-temperature OC, and levoglucosan abundances for Siberia, Alaska, and Everglades (Florida) peats. Elevated levoglucosan was found for Russian peats, accounting for 35 %–39 % and 20 %–25 % of PM2.5 mass for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fractions of PM2.5 were over 2-fold higher in fresh Russian peat (37.0±2.7 %) than in Malaysian (14.6±0.9 %) peat. While Russian peat OC emissions were largely water-soluble, Malaysian peat emissions were mostly water-insoluble, with WSOC ∕ OC ratios of 0.59–0.71 and 0.18–0.40, respectively. This study shows significant differences between fresh and aged peat combustion profiles among the four biomes that can be used to establish speciated emission inventories for atmospheric modeling and receptor model source apportionment. A sufficient aging time (∼7 d) is needed to allow gas-to-particle partitioning of semi-volatilized species, gas-phase oxidation, and particle volatilization to achieve representative source profiles for regional-scale source apportionment.

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“…Figure 3 demonstrates the backward trajectories during high PM concentrations for the above-mentioned times. As shown in Figure 3, the 120-hr air mass originated from the northern part of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, where peat-land fires were reported by researchers [67][68][69][70]. Air masses moved from southeast Thailand which contributed to in height TC and OC concentrations was detected at the study site.…”

Section: Possible Local and Long-range Transport Of Pmmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Almost every year in the wet season in southern Thailand, a southeast-Asian haze with elevated PM rises from Sumatra and the Kalimantan islands, Indonesia and often blankets southern Thailand during June-August [7]. Tham et al (2019) [44] reported that, during a PM2.5 episode from peat-land fires on Sumatra Island, a large amount of carbon species, i.e., PyC and soot-EC was released into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Carbon Components In Pm01 and Tspmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Trace Element Compositions of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) in Ambient Air of Southern Thailand and Characterization of Their Sources

Inerb¹,

Phairuang²,

Paluang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) and nanoparticles (PM0.1) over Hat Yai city, Songkhla province, southern Thailand was measured in 2019. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were evaluated by carbon aerosol analyzer (IMPROVE-TOR) method. Thirteen trace elements including Al, Ba, K, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Ti, Pb, and Zn were evaluated by ICP-OES. Annual average TSP and PM0.1 mass concentrations were determined to be 58.3 ± 7.8 and 10.4 ± 1.2 µg/m3, respectively. The highest levels of PM occurred in the wet season with the corresponding values for the dry seasons being lower. The annual average OC/EC ratio ranged from 3.8 - 4.2 (TSP) and 2.5 - 2.7 (PM0.1). The char to soot ratios were constantly less than 1.0 for both TSP and PM0.1, indicating that land transportation is the main emission source. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that road transportation, industry, and biomass burning are the key sources of these particles. However, PM arising from Indonesian peatland fires causes an increase in the carbon and trace element concentrations in southern Thailand. The findings make useful information for air quality management and strategies for controlling this problem, based on a source apportionment analysis.

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Impacts of peat-forest smoke on urban PM2.5 in the Maritime Continent during 2012–2015: Carbonaceous profiles and indicators

Cited by 48 publications

References 44 publications

Association of COVID-19 pandemic with meteorological parameters over Singapore

Association of COVID-19 pandemic with meteorological parameters over Singapore

Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> peat combustion source profiles with atmospheric aging in an oxidation flow reactor

Carbon and Trace Element Compositions of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) in Ambient Air of Southern Thailand and Characterization of Their Sources

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Impacts of peat-forest smoke on urban PM2.5 in the Maritime Continent during 2012–2015: Carbonaceous profiles and indicators

Cited by 48 publications

References 44 publications

Association of COVID-19 pandemic with meteorological parameters over Singapore

Association of COVID-19 pandemic with meteorological parameters over Singapore

Changes in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; peat combustion source profiles with atmospheric aging in an oxidation flow reactor

Carbon and Trace Element Compositions of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) in Ambient Air of Southern Thailand and Characterization of Their Sources

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Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> peat combustion source profiles with atmospheric aging in an oxidation flow reactor