Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles on distribution networks

Abstract

As a good solution to the shortage and environmental unfriendliness of fossil fuels, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) attract much interests of the public. To investigate the problems caused by the integration of numerous PEVs, a lot of research work has been done on the grid impacts of PEVs in aspects including thermal loading, voltage regulation, transformer loss of life, unbalance, losses, and harmonic distortion levels. This paper surveys the-stateof-the-art of the research in this area and outline three possible measures for a power grid company to make full use of PEVs. Keywords-plug-in electric vehicle; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; distribution networkI.

Multiobjective Optimized Smart Charge Controller for Electric Vehicle Applications

“…feeders, transformers etc.) [4], [5]. Further, it is important for the user to consider the energy tariff (which varies on hourly basis) to get maximum financial benefits, such as charging EVs during periods of surplus generation, especially from RES.…”

Plug-In Electric Vehicles - Distribution system impacts and high level screening methodologies for calculating costs and benefits

“…However, local distribution grids, particularly those that feed high population density urban areas may require upgrades to the distribution infrastructure for accommodating the charging requirements of PEVs. Distribution transformers are expected to be impacted the most as there can be periods when the transformers feeding the PEVs will be loaded beyond their design limits, which may reduce their useful life [2], [3], [4] and [5]. This is particularly true if level 2 chargers (power requirement can be as high as 19.2 kW; typically 6.6 kW) are used for fast charging of PEVs at residences, or a cluster of such chargers are used for charging the PEVs at offices and commercial buildings (Google, Cisco, Facebook and many other companies have multiple PEV charging stations on their campuses).…”