Impacts of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on rill erosion processes at loessial hillslope

Shen, Haiou; Zheng, Fenli; Wen, Leilei; Han, Yong; Hu, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.09.011

Cited by 256 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Run‐off and soil directly control rill erosion. Other factors may indirectly control rill erosion by increasing or decreasing the effects of direct factors (Shen et al, ; Wirtz, Seeger, & Ries, ). The effects of the rainfall intensity were determined based on the LAI of maize.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is necessary to analyse the detachment characteristics and hydraulic properties of rill flow in sloping farmland areas (Wu, Wang, Shen, & Wang, ) to ensure that effective measures for controlling soil loss are established. In recent decades, much research has focused on soil erosion types, mechanisms, and control techniques for farmland (Shen, Zheng, Wen, Han, & Hu, ; Wu, Wang, Zhang, & Shen, ). Most experimental works on rill erosion have been completely based on simulated rainfall or scouring experiments in the laboratory (Jiang et al, ; Qin, Zheng, Xu, Wu, & Shen, ; Wang, Wang, Shen, & Chen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The changing dynamics of rill erosion on sloping farmland during the different growth stages of a maize crop

Luo

Zheng

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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Rill erosion is a serious concern in the hilly region of China with purple soil, and maize is extensively cultivated in this region. Evaluations of the dynamic mechanisms of rill erosion in sloping farmland areas are particularly important during the maize growing season to determine whether rill erosion can occur. A new ridge tillage (RT) system was designed using local agricultural methods in China. Twelve artificial rainfall experiments were conducted in three 1 × 2 m experimental plots with a slope of 15°, which is a typical slope in the study area. The rainfall intensities were designated as 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm min−1. The rainfall experiments were performed in the field to determine the characteristics of run‐off and sediment transport related to rill erosion processes during different stages of maize growth and to analyse how hydraulic parameters and the sediment yield of the rill erosion process are related. The results showed that rill flow patterns were mainly classified as subcritical transition flow during all the growth stages of maize. The effects of hydrodynamic parameters on the sediment yield were ordered as follows: Reynolds number > stream power > Froude number > shear stress. The total sediment yield varied by stage as follows: seedling stage > jointing stage > mature stage > tasseling stage. The sediment yield and run‐off rate exhibited a linear relationship that was well described at the hillslope scale. To initiate soil loss in sloping farmland areas with purple soil during the maize growing season, the critical hydrodynamic shear stress and stream power must be at least 46.505 Pa and 1.541 N m−1 s−1, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing dynamics of rill erosion on sloping farmland during the different growth stages of a maize crop

Luo

Zheng

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…Five types of rain (0.6, 1.1, 1.61, 2.12 and 2.54 mm·min -1 ) were selected, based on the rainfall intensity and frequency of storms in the study area. These rainfall intensities were representatives of the maximum 5-min precipitation (I 5 ), the maximum 10-min precipitation (I 10 ) , the maximum 15-min precipitation (I 15 ), the maximum 30-min precipitation (I 30 ) , and the maximum 60-min precipitation (I 60 ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Wang et al, 2010): approximately 2.54, 2.12, 1.61, 1.1, and 0.6 mm·min -1 , respectively (the return period is 10 yr), following a similar method as Shen at al. (2015), since high-intense and Surface flow and subsurface flow were collected in the pail.…”

Section: Designs and Measurements On Rainfall Simulation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Feng

Cheng

Ding

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Hydrological processes play important roles in soil erosion processes of the hillslopes. This study was conducted to investigate the hydrological processes and the associated erosional responses on the purple soil slope. Based on a comprehensive survey of the Wangjiaqiao watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir, four typical slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°and 20°) were applied to five rainfall intensities (0.6, 1.1, 1.61, 2.12 and 2.54 mm·min -1 ). The results showed that both surface and subsurface runoff varied greatly depending on the rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Surface runoff volume was 48.1 to 280.1 times of that for subsurface runoff. The critical slope gradient was about 10°. The sediment yield rate increased with increases in both rainfall intensity and slope gradient, while the effect of rainfall intensity on the sediment yield rate was greater than slope gradient. There was a good linear relationship between sediment yield rate and Reynolds numbers, flow velocity and stream power, while Froude numbers, Darcy-Weisbach and Manning friction coefficients were not good hydraulic indicators of the sediment yield rate of purple soil erosion. Among the three good indicators (Re, v and w), stream power was the best predictor of sediment yield rate (R 2 = 0.884). Finally, based on the power regression relationship between sediment yield rate, runoff rate, slope gradient and rainfall intensity, an erosion model was proposed to predict the purple soil erosion (R 2 = 0.897). The results can help us to understand the relationship between flow hydraulics and sediment generation of slope erosion and offer useful data for the building of erosion model in purple soil.

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“…A large number of previous studies show that intensive rainfalls [5][6][7][8][9][10], topography [11][12][13][14][15][16], vegetation type [17][18][19][20], land use [21][22][23][24][25], and land management [26][27][28][29][30][31] are the main factors that determinate the rates of soil erosion. The studies of natural conditions in the South Morava River Basin (Grdelica Gorge) uniformly show that this area is predisposed to intensive soil erosion [2,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Erosion Control Works: Case Study—Grdelica Gorge, the South Morava River (Serbia)

Kostadinov

Braunović

Dragićević

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:The aim of this research was to analyse the changes in the soil erosion intensity caused by erosion control works (ECW) in Grdelica Gorge (The South Morava River) in the period between 1953 and 2016. For the purpose of quantifying the erosion intensity changes, the erosion potential model (EPM) was used to calculate the annual gross erosion (W), sediment transport (G), and erosion coefficient (Z) in the study area. As a result of the performed technical and biotechnical erosion control works, there was a general decreasing trend in the intensity of soil erosion processes in the last 63 years. The specific annual gross erosion in Grdelica Gorge was 1920.34 m 3 /km −2 /year −1 in 1953, while in 2016 it was 492.42 m 3 /km −2 /year −1 . The specific sediment transport was 1421.05 m 3 /km −2 /year −1 in 1953 and 364.39 m 3 /km −2 /year −1 in 2016. Due to the changes in the intensity of erosion processes, the specific annual gross erosion in the study area decreased by 1427.92 m 3 /km −2 /year −1 and the specific sediment transport by 1056.66 m 3 /km −2 /year −1 . The value of the erosion coefficient was reduced from Z = 0.84 in 1953 to Z = 0.32 in 2016. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the soil erosion intensity (erosion coefficient) and ECW (biotechnical works) performed in Grdelica Gorge. The permanent control of erosion processes in Grdelica Gorge is very important for torrential flood prevention and protection of two very important traffic routes (Belgrade-Skopje-Athens railway and motorway-Corridor X), as well as settlements, local roads, and other facilities in this area. Furthermore, these results are the basis for future water management projects, soil and environmental protection, spatial planning, agriculture, and other human activities.

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Impacts of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on rill erosion processes at loessial hillslope

Cited by 256 publications

References 27 publications

The changing dynamics of rill erosion on sloping farmland during the different growth stages of a maize crop

The changing dynamics of rill erosion on sloping farmland during the different growth stages of a maize crop

Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Effects of Erosion Control Works: Case Study—Grdelica Gorge, the South Morava River (Serbia)

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