Impacts of resource fluctuations and recurrent tsunamis on the occupational history of Čḯxwicən, a Salishan village on the southern shore of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington State, U.S.A.

Hutchinson, Ian; Butler, Virginia L.; Campbell, Sarah K.; Sterling, Sarah L.; Etnier, Michael A.; Bovy, Kristine M.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.04.001

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Furthermore, faunal and botanical data suggest that over time, household members had to hunt and gather at increasing distances to access critical foods (Prentiss et al 2007). These patterns come at a time when marine productivity evidently declined (Hay et al 2007; Hutchinson et al 2018; Patterson et al 2005; Tunnicliffe et al 2001; Wright et al 2005), and salmon abundance was reduced not just in the Fraser and Thompson Rivers but also in the Columbia (Chatters et al 1995). The timing of reduced marine, and by proxy, salmon productivity, was very poor for Mid-Fraser peoples, whose total numbers may have peaked at over 8,000 persons within an approximately 20 km stretch of the Fraser River during the early BR3 period (Prentiss et al 2014).…”

Section: Studying the Emergence Of Materials Wealth-based Inequality Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Material Wealth-Based Inequality: The Record of Housepit 54, Bridge River, British Columbia

et al. 2018

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The evolution of material wealth-based inequality is an important topic in archaeological research. While a number of explanatory models have been proposed, rarely have they been adequately tested. A significant challenge to testing such models concerns our ability to define distinct, temporally short-term, residential occupations in the archaeological record. Sites often lack evidence for temporally persistent inequality, or, when present, the palimpsest nature of the deposits often make it difficult to define the processes of change on scales that are fine enough to evaluate nuanced model predictions. In this article, we use the detailed record of Housepit 54 from the Bridge River site, interior British Columbia, to evaluate several alternative hypotheses regarding the evolution of persistent material wealth-based inequality. Results of our analyses indicate that inequality appeared abruptly coincident with a decline in intra-house cooperation associated with population packing and the initiation of periodic subsistence stress. We conclude that persistent inequality in this context was a byproduct of altered social networks linked to a Malthusian transition and ceiling.

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Section: Studying the Emergence Of Materials Wealth-based Inequality Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Material Wealth-Based Inequality: The Record of Housepit 54, Bridge River, British Columbia

et al. 2018

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“…Changes in prehistoric human settlement patterns and lifestyles brought about by seismic activity and tsunamis along the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States have been well documented (e.g. Goff et al, 2020; Hutchinson et al, 2019; Hutchinson and McMillan, 1997; Ludwin et al, 2007). Additionally, increases in resource competition and warfare, and changes in settlement patterns and culture have been recorded throughout Polynesia following similar catastrophic events (Goff and Nunn, 2016; Kirch, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing a palaeotsunami: Geomorphological and cultural change associated with a catastrophic 15th century event, Kāpiti Coast, Aotearoa/New Zealand

McClintock,

Goff,

McFadgen

2023

The Holocene

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An understanding of the geomorphological processes instigated by seismic-related catastrophes such as tsunamis is important to our understanding of their potential impacts on both past and present human populations. Due to the relative scarcity of human records of such events in prehistory, it is necessary to rely on the geological record to identify and interpret the environmental changes caused by such catastrophes. A multi-proxy analysis of geological and geomorphological data is used to identify a local signal of a region-wide 15th century palaeotsunami that inundated the SW North Island coast of Aotearoa/New Zealand. A comparison with regional geological and archaeological evidence enriches our understanding of the nature and extent of this event and its impact on human settlement that complements similar findings in other countries.

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“…Coastal First Peoples have migrated along the Pacific coast of North America for over 13 000 yr, inhabiting coastal refugia during glaciation, and sustaining populations by accessing marine foods via watercraft and cultivation (Lepofsky et al , McLaren et al ). Among other seafoods, marine shellfish were, and continue to be, key food sources for coastal communities (Deur et al , Lepofsky et al , Jackley et al ), with the occupation of Coast Salish winter villages and shellfish‐harvesting camps, including those within the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington, being largely driven by the availability of marine resources (Hutchinson et al ).…”

Section: Vectors Of Shellfish Transfer Into Terrestrial Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, shellfish remains were deposited as refuse into middens adjacent to settlement areas. Long‐term consumption of shellfish has resulted in middens that have been active for well over 5000 yr of continuous use (Cannon and Yang ), with vocation largely driven by consistent availability of marine resources, including shellfish (Cannon and Yang , Hutchinson et al ).…”

Section: Vectors Of Shellfish Transfer Into Terrestrial Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shellfish subsidies along the Pacific coast of North America

et al. 2020

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Spatial subsidies are associated with pronounced ecosystem responses, as nutrients cross ecological boundaries and cascade through food webs. While the importance of subsidies is known, the role of shellfish, specifically molluscs, as a marine subsidy has not been formally described. Focusing primarily on the Pacific coast of North America, we identify vectors that transport shellfish-derived nutrients into coastal terrestrial environments, including birds, mammals, and over 13 000 yr of marine resource use by people. Evidence from recipient ecosystems suggests shellfish drastically influence soil chemistry, forest productivity and the diversity of primary producers at the regional and landscape level. Responses in higher trophic levels have not yet been investigated, but given documented responses in lower trophic levels, this may be due to a lack of examination. To determine if the processes we describe within the northeast Pacific are pertinent to coastal environments worldwide, we also explore shellfish subsidies globally, with a specific focus on temperate and tropical islands. As shellfish are not as spatially or temporally constrained as other subsidies, our examination suggests our findings are applicable to many other geographical regions along the marine-terrestrial interface. Marine subsidiesMarine subsidies occur when nutrients are transferred from marine to terrestrial ecosystems, anywhere along the 594 000 km of global coastline (Hammond 1990). These subsidies can take the form of seabird guano (Sánchez-Piñero and Polis 2000), marine mammal carcasses (Polis and Hurd 1996), spawning fishes (Fox et al. 2015, Reimchen 2018 or macroalgae deposition (Spiller et al. 2010). While all of these subsidies play important roles in shaping terrestrial productivity, their effect sizes vary over space and time. For example, relatively brief, intense pulses of marine nutrients are deposited in riparian forests during annual Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. autumn spawning (Gende et al.

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Impacts of resource fluctuations and recurrent tsunamis on the occupational history of Čḯxwicən, a Salishan village on the southern shore of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington State, U.S.A.

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

The Evolution of Material Wealth-Based Inequality: The Record of Housepit 54, Bridge River, British Columbia

The Evolution of Material Wealth-Based Inequality: The Record of Housepit 54, Bridge River, British Columbia

Reconstructing a palaeotsunami: Geomorphological and cultural change associated with a catastrophic 15th century event, Kāpiti Coast, Aotearoa/New Zealand

Shellfish subsidies along the Pacific coast of North America

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