“…In subsequent laboratory experiments, researchers gradually added to the understanding and pointed out that the threshold value is mainly determined by the physical properties of the sediment and is a multiparameter function. Grain size, sediment components (Pähtz et al., 2020), grain shape (Grabowski et al., 2011), the cohesiveness of fine grain size sediment (Panagiotopoulos et al., 1997), turbulence effect (Righetti & Lucarelli, 2007), and biogeochemistry effect (Jin et al., 2022) all influence the magnitude of the threshold, and the most original Shields curve was gradually refined into a family of Shields curves (Beheshti & Ataie‐Ashtiani, 2008; Paphitis, 2001). Nevertheless, in the complex field environment, especially in fine sediment environments, researchers found that the empirical formula results cannot well respond to the measured initiation threshold (Shi et al., 2020; Y. Yang et al., 2019), which in turn affects the accuracy of the calculation results of the sediment transport numerical models.…”