“…First, prior studies have failed to evaluate the relationship between ISC and ESC in a hospitality context. Second, we confirm that both ISC and ESC are determinants of KSI, even though existing studies evaluate ESC (Kim and Shim, 2018; Liu and Lee, 2015) and ISC (Huang and Liu, 2019; Kim et al , 2013; Tang et al , 2015) independently in explaining knowledge sharing or exchange behaviors. Third, despite the existence of restaurant innovation studies that identify both internal and external factors affecting innovation performance (Cho et al , 2017; Lee et al , 2016; Romero et al , 2019; Stierand et al , 2014), these studies fail to evaluate the effect of KSI on NPD in high-end restaurants.…”