Impacts of Some Trace Metals in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tor soro (Valenciennes, 1842) on Human Health

Nazeer, Nima; Masood, Zubia; Ben Said, Mourad; Khan, Tawseef; Ullah, Asim; Ali, Wajid; Swelum, Ayman A.

doi:10.1007/s12011-023-03852-4

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This quantifies the variability in the baseline signal. The methods used to determine the level of trace elements using AAS followed Nazeer et al 7 . The accuracy of the analytical procedure of AAS was checked by the analysis of certified values from Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3233 21 are mentioned in Tables 1 and 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These standard solutions likely contained known concentrations of the trace metals of interest. The diluted samples were compared to these standards to determine the concentration of trace metals in the fish samples using the methods followed by Nazeer et al 7 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, magnesium, zinc, sodium, phosphorus, cobalt, fluoride, copper, iodine, chromium, and selenium are essential nutritional trace elements required for the human body to function properly. Their primary function lies in catalyzing enzyme reactions 7 . Examples of non-essential trace metals include aluminum, nickel, cadmium, lead, mercury, and chromium 8 , which are commonly found in the aquatic environment as a result of atmospheric deposition, anthropogenic activities, and corrosion, leading to various health hazards for aquatic biota and can decline the levels of essential trace metals 9 , 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consuming fish with high levels of certain trace metals, such as mercury, lead, and copper can pose health risks to humans, particularly pregnant women and children. Therefore, it's important to monitor and regulate the levels of these metal contaminants in fish populations by reducing aquatic pollution and controlling the release of trace metals into marine environments are highly essential for minimizing these health risks in fish consumers 7 , 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main functions of some of these trace elements in the human body, as outlined by FAO 14 , can be defined as follows; for instance, both iron and copper are involved in oxidation–reduction reactions crucial for energy metabolism. Iron, in particular, is indispensable, serving as a vital component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, facilitating the transport of oxygen in both the bloodstream and muscles 7 . Iron (Fe) is essential for the formation of hemoglobin in fish, just as it is in humans; Zinc (Zn) is important for various enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes, and also contributes to the functioning of the fish's immune system; Copper (Cu) is essential element involved in several biological processes, including oxygen transport, pigment formation, and enzyme function; Potassium (K) helps maintain acid–base balance within cells, is necessary for muscle function, and contributes to protein, glycogen, and glucose metabolism; Calcium (Ca) is essential for forming cartilage, bones, blood clotting, and regulating nerve impulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast

Khawar,

Masood,

Ul Hasan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Trace metals are naturally occurring metals found in very small concentrations in the environment. In the context of fish flesh, metals such as copper, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and manganese are absorbed by fish and play vital roles in various physiological functions. However, if these metals exceed the recommended limits set by WHO/FAO, they are termed 'toxic metals' due to their harmful impacts on both the fish and its consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the levels of protein, lipids, and certain metals—Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) in three commercially important marine fishes i.e. Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella abella, and Otolithes ruber. The study also aims to assess their potential impact on human health. The macro-Kjeldhal method and Soxhlet apparatus were used to estimate protein and lipid contents, while atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to estimate trace metals found in fishes. The study found that these fish species are valuable sources of protein, lipids, and certain essential minerals. The protein content (CP) in these three species ranged from 63.35 to 86.57%, while lipid content was from 21.05 to 23.86%. The overall results of the trace metal concentrations analyzed in the present study revealed that Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) were found in low concentration or traces and also within suitable ranges as set by WHO/FAO. However, Iron (Fe) was absent in all three species. Moreover, both copper and potassium were found in all three species, while Zinc was present in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Sardinella abella, calcium in Sardinella abella, and sodium in Otolithes ruber only. Titanium was recorded for the first time in S. abella. However, the total health risk assessment associated with these fish food consumption was measured by THQ and TTHQ and found to be less than 1, which shows no potential risk related to trace metals found in these fishes on human health upon their consumption. In conclusion, these commercially important marine fish species were found valuable sources of protein, lipids, and essential trace minerals that are necessary for human health. Thus, the current study provides useful information for the local population to make informed decisions about their daily diets and highlights the importance of sustainable fishing practices to maintain these valuable marine resources by periodical monitoring of their ecosystem.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast

Khawar,

Masood,

Ul Hasan

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Different Organs of Labeo rohita in Water and Sediment of Marala Ravi Link Canal (MRL) and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) of Chenab River, Pakistan, and Their Health Implications

Ahmad,

Mubarik,

Qureshi

et al. 2024

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The efficiency of zinc sulfate immersion bath on improved wound healing via promoting antioxidant activity, gene expression biomarkers, and skin re-epithelization in a common carp-induced wound model

El-Adl,

Rezk,

Ali

et al. 2024

Appl Water Sci

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The experiment was designed to examine the influence of employing three doses of ZnSO4 on the wound healing process in partially scaled common carp. A total of 240 healthy common carp fish (52.3 ± 0.9 g) were randomly allocated into four equal groups in triplicate (20 each). The first group left without any zinc sulfate treatment and served as a control group, while the second group through the fourth group were immersed in a zinc sulfate bath at a dose of 2.09, 1.05, and 0.53 mg/L corresponding to 1/5, 1/10, and 1/20 of 96 h LC50 of Zn, (Zn/5, Zn/10, and Zn/20, respectively). After wound induction, tissue specimens were collected within three different intervals (6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 14 days). The results indicated that the Zn/5 fish group induced doubled folding increments in the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 after 6 h compared to other groups, whereas collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1α1) and metallothionein (Met) genes exhibited a triple folding increment compared to Zn/10 and a fivefold increase compared to control after two days of wound induction. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐7 genes showed a dose-dependent manner of expression at all examined points after wound induction. Also, all estimated antioxidant biomarker (superoxide-dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione, GSH; and malonaldehyde, MDA) activities were boosted in the Zn/5 group till three days of wound induction compared to all groups. In addition, the reepithelization score and histological alteration results revealed clear improvement in the Zn/5 group, as most muscle fibers appeared regular, straight, and parallel arranged. In contrast, other groups exhibited a detectable limited area of disrupted muscle fibers. Finally, it could be concluded that the ZnSO4 immersion bath at 1/5 of the calculated LC50 effectively enhanced the healing process and skin reepithelization.

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Impacts of Some Trace Metals in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tor soro (Valenciennes, 1842) on Human Health

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast

Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentration in Different Organs of Labeo rohita in Water and Sediment of Marala Ravi Link Canal (MRL) and Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) of Chenab River, Pakistan, and Their Health Implications

The efficiency of zinc sulfate immersion bath on improved wound healing via promoting antioxidant activity, gene expression biomarkers, and skin re-epithelization in a common carp-induced wound model

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