Impacts of supply duration on the design and performance of intermittent water distribution systems in the West Bank

Abu-Madi, Maher; Trifunović, Nemanja

doi:10.1080/02508060.2013.794404

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The most rigorous validation would test the proposed model against several physical IWS. Unfortunately, such a validation is not feasible because information about customer demand and leakage in IWS is notoriously poor (e.g., Anand, 2015;McIntosh, 2003), and changing the duty cycle in physical networks substantially changes the water requirements and can change customer satisfaction. Nevertheless, suggestions for how the proposed model could be validated against physical IWS are included in our recommendations for future work (section 6).…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Taylor

Slocum

Whittle

2019

Water Resources Research

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Nearly one billion people worldwide receive water through piped networks that are not continually pressurized and operate intermittently. The prevalence and persistence of these Intermittent Water Supplies (IWS) is surprising as this mode of operation induces water contamination and customer equity issues. Shortages of source water, customers' water demand, and leaking pipes are frequently cited as necessitating IWS. We propose a framework for understanding the persistence and operation of IWS. The supply system is represented by an average customer and a spatially averaged leakage rate. With this macroscopic hydraulic model, we relate customer demand satisfaction, source water availability, customer demand, and leakage. While this approach ignores the complexities of network topology, we find that the model approximates real systems well (calibrating to four intermittent reference networks achieved R2>0.87). The calibrated model is robust to moderate changes in demand and leakage (maintaining R2>0.81). Using the model, we show that the tipping point between satisfied demand and unsatisfied demand is a local optimum for utilities, which may explain the persistence of IWS. Beyond this point, the volume received by customers does not increase, but utilities must supply more water to the network. The generality of the proposed model enables its use when regulating and upgrading IWS. We demonstrate the latter by critiquing a performance‐based contract that was intended to improve an intermittent supply in India. Demand satisfaction has profound implications for hydraulics and human welfare. We propose the degree of demand satisfaction as a metric for evaluating IWS and for tracking the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6.1.

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Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Taylor

Slocum

Whittle

2019

Water Resources Research

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“…The duration of supply that characterizes this type of water distribution is also a point of divergence in the literature. The temporal restriction is well established and emphasized everywhere [24,25], but some authors distance themselves from the less than 24 h in a day limitation, widening the spectrum to a supply to end users lasting anywhere from limited hours a day to only on a few days a week or less [4,7,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Definition Of Intermittencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health risks: Water quality and health hazard [6,9,28,43]; • Technical problems: Network wear [17,26,39]; Difficulty in detecting and repairing leaks [5]; • Economic issues: The cost of network wear; Metering and billing issues [44,45] • Social and political problems: Illegal connections and other customers' coping strategies [10,39,46,47]; Inequity of water supply [7,10,48,49]; Water wastage [5,7];…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a Methodology for Assessing Service Quality under Intermittent Domestic Water Supply

Mokssit

Gouvello

Chazerain

et al. 2018

Water

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This document proposes a methodology for assessing the quality of water distribution service in the context of intermittent supply, based on a comparison of joint results from literature reviews and feedback from drinking water operators who had managed these networks, with standards for defining the quality of drinking water service. The paper begins by reviewing and proposing an analysis of the definition and characterization of intermittent water supply (IWS), highlighting some important findings. The diversity of approaches used to address the issue and the difficulty of defining a precise and detailed history of water supply in the affected systems broadens the spectrum of intermittency characterization and the problems it raises. The underlined results are then used to structure an evaluation framework for the water service and to develop improvement paths defined in the intermittent networks. The resulting framework highlights the means available to water stakeholders to assess their operational and management performance in achieving the improvement objectives defined by the environmental and socio-economic contexts in which the network operates. Practical examples of intermittent system management are collected from water system operators and presented for illustration purposes (Jeddah, Algiers, Port-au-Prince, Amman, Cartagena, Barranquilla, Mexico, Cancun, Saltillo, Mumbai, Delhi, Coimbatore . . .).

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“…Only with the optimal access level is it possible to ensure very low risks of health concern. Additionally, according to the same source, intermittent water supply, as occurs in the OPT (Abu‐Madi & Trifunovic 2013), implies higher health risks.…”

Section: Water Resources Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Centralized versus Decentralized Wastewater Systems—Potential of Water Reuse within a Transboundary Context

Boavida

Pinto

Salvador

et al. 2016

New Water Policy & Practice

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Water management in transboundary situations is a multidisciplinary subject. The main objective of this article is to provide a reflection on the impact of centralized versus decentralized wastewater systems, regarding the potential of water reuse within a transboundary context. The Occupied Palestinian Territories are the presented scenario. The existent wastewater treatment plants are not enough to guarantee good environmental and public health conditions and there are serious operational and maintenance problems. Due to the geopolitical situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, decentralized systems have been extensively used throughout the whole West Bank but most of the systems are not functioning correctly. Two case studies are analyzed: Ras ‘Atiya is an example of a possible transboundary wastewater management system where the wastewater treatment is proposed to be at an Israeli wastewater treatment plant and Atouf is based on a decentralized on‐site system at household level. In transboundary situations water reuse becomes a sensitive issue. Whenever there is centralized transboundary wastewater treatment, there is a risk that one of the parties involved may lose rights of its treated water.

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Impacts of supply duration on the design and performance of intermittent water distribution systems in the West Bank

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Demand Satisfaction as a Framework for Understanding Intermittent Water Supply Systems

Building a Methodology for Assessing Service Quality under Intermittent Domestic Water Supply

Centralized versus Decentralized Wastewater Systems—Potential of Water Reuse within a Transboundary Context

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