Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ginger production: Supply chains, labor, and food security in Northeast Thailand

Abstract

This paper evaluates the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on ginger production and ginger farmer livelihoods in Loei province where ginger is an important commercial crop. The analysis also pays particular attention to the lockdown period (March – June 2020). Data for this study were obtained from several sources, including information from government records, onsite observation, and semi-structured interviews. Field research was conducted in August 2020 for 10 days in a village in Plaba sub-district. Data was obtained using an interview guide with 55 ginger farmers who have been growing ginger for at least 3 years. The results show that the lock down and transportation restrictions affected input supply chains, such as fertilizer and rhizome seeds. The flow of international labor was also constrained affecting skilled labor shortage in ginger production. However, COVID-19 shows positive impacts on ginger production systems. Ginger price is higher than the previous year because of world market demand and the belief that ginger can be used as an antioxidant to prevent COVID-19 infections. Moreover, the result also shows that these ginger farmers are somewhat resilient in the face of COVID-19 as they are not much dependent on markets for their own subsistence needs. Finally, this study recommends that promoting farmers to produce their own food and diversify commercial crops would be a good strategy for farmers to survive the crisis.

Physical characteristics of ginger tuber based on harvesting age and varieties

“…Nowadays, since Covid-19 pandemic increases, people in Indonesia consume much more herbal drink from ginger in order to improve their immunity to protect their body from the virus. This phenomenon is similar occurring in Thailand and in the globe [6]. Therefore, the physical characteristics of ginger tuber from many varieties are important for industries to construct the storage room of ginger tubers to prevent deterioration before it is produced become food products.…”

Which pathway to address interrelated challenges to farm sustainability in Thailand? Views of local actors

“…The scenario planning process took place before the COVID-19 pandemic that meanwhile has been impacting farming conditions in Thailand (Wannaprasert and Choenkwan 2021 ). Complementary research would be useful to analyse the extent to which the pandemic has affected not only farming conditions in the study area but also how farmers and young people see their futures.…”

Functional bioactive compounds in ginger, turmeric, and garlic

“…The annual production of ginger was reported to be about 3.3 million tons in India which accounted for 34% of the global garlic production as shown in Table 1 ( 6 ). The ginger rhizome contains 60–70% carbohydrates, 3–8% crude fiber, 9% protein, 8% ash, 3–6% fatty oil, and 2–3% volatile oil, phenolic compounds, and terpenes ( 7 , 8 ). The terpene components in ginger include zingiberene, beta-bisabolene, alpha-farnesene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, and alpha-curcumene, while phenolic compounds include gingerol, paradol, and shogaol.…”