Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural America

Mueller, J. Tom; McConnell, Kathryn; Burow, Paul Berne; Pofahl, Katie; Merdjanoff, Alexis; Farrell, Justin

doi:10.1073/pnas.2019378118

Cited by 299 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Determining the cause of potential undercounting is an important area for future research. Possible factors could include lower rates of Covid-19 testing in these populations [42], reduced access to health care [43,44], regional diagnostic and coding differences [45], or political attitudes about the Covid-19 pandemic [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on US Mortality: A County-Level Analysis

Stokes

Lundberg

Hempstead

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Covid-19 excess deaths refer to increases in mortality over what would normally have been expected in the absence of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, we take advantage of spatial variation in Covid-19 mortality across US counties to construct an Ordinary Least Squares regression model estimating its relationship with all-cause mortality. We then examine how the extent of excess mortality not assigned to Covid-19 varies across subsets of counties defined by demographic, structural, and policy characteristics. We estimate that 20.4% [95% CI (13.7%, 27.2%)] of excess deaths between February 1 and August 26, 2020 were ascribed to causes of death other than Covid-19 itself. Excess deaths not assigned to Covid-19 were even higher than predicted by our model in counties with high income inequality, low median income, low homeownership, and high percentages of Black residents, showing a pattern related to socioeconomic disadvantage and structural racism. Our work suggests that inequities in excess deaths attributable to Covid-19 may be even greater than revealed by data reporting deaths assigned to Covid-19 alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on US Mortality: A County-Level Analysis

Stokes

Lundberg

Hempstead

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Rural areas are vulnerable to shocks as they tend to have fewer resources, less access to social services, an older population profile, and be affected by marginalisation [4,[69][70][71]. They tend to be heavily reliant on industries that have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic such as recreation and tourism.…”

Section: Potential For Social Innovation and Community Forestry For The Recovery Of Rural Areas After The Covid-19 Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They tend to be heavily reliant on industries that have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic such as recreation and tourism. As a result, the Covid-19 crisis has had negative impacts on employment, overall life satisfaction, mental health, and economic outlook across sex, age, ethnicity, and education [69].…”

Section: Potential For Social Innovation and Community Forestry For The Recovery Of Rural Areas After The Covid-19 Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

What Are the Impacts of Social Innovation? A Synthetic Review and Case Study of Community Forestry in the Scottish Highlands

et al. 2021

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In a context of political and economic austerity, social innovation has been presented as a solution to many social challenges, old and new. It aims to support the introduction of new ideas in response to the current urgent needs and challenges of vulnerable groups and seems to offer promising solutions to the challenges faced by rural areas. Yet the evidence base of the impacts on the sustainable development of rural communities remains scarce. In this paper, we explore social innovation in the context of community forestry and provide a brief synthetic review of key themes linking the two concepts. We examine a case of social innovation in the context of community forestry and analyse its type, extent, and scale of impact in a marginalized rural area of Scotland. Using an in-depth case study approach, we apply a mixed research methodology using quantitative indicators of impact as well as qualitative data. Our results show that social innovation reinforces the social dimension of community forestry. Impacts are highlighted across domains (environmental, social, economic, and institutional/governance) but are mainly limited to local territory. We discuss the significance of those results in the context of community forestry as well as for local development. We formulate policy recommendations to foster and sustain social innovation in rural areas.

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“…The economic disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been unprecedented in the United States, including record-high unemployment claims (Brave, Butters, and Fogarty 2020;Brynjolfsson et al 2020), widespread food and housing insecurity (Cowin, Martin, and Stevens 2020;Enriquez and Goldstein 2020;Morales, Morales, and Beltran 2020), and rising physical and emotional health challenges (Pfefferbaum and North 2020;Stainback, Hearne, and Trieu 2020). The majority of empirical work on the pandemic to date has focused on either the nation as a whole or the urban population, with rural areas-approximately 46 million people-remaining largely ignored (Mueller et al 2021). 1 This evidence gap reflects an absence of high-quality secondary data on rural areas (Hauer and Santos-Lozada 2021;Mueller et al 2021;Pender 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of empirical work on the pandemic to date has focused on either the nation as a whole or the urban population, with rural areas-approximately 46 million people-remaining largely ignored (Mueller et al 2021). 1 This evidence gap reflects an absence of high-quality secondary data on rural areas (Hauer and Santos-Lozada 2021;Mueller et al 2021;Pender 2020). Further, the limited evidence that is available suggests the presence of considerable geographic heterogeneity between rural and urban areas in the pandemic's impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-urban differences in the labor-force impacts of COVID-19 in the United States

Brooks¹,

Mueller²,

Thiede³

2021

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Covid-19 has had dramatic impacts on economic outcomes across the United States. Up to now, most research on the pandemic has had a national or urban focus due to a lack of high-quality secondary data on the impacts among rural people. We overcome this barrier using new data from the Current Population Survey to compare economic outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic between urban and rural areas of the United States. Using monthly data from May to November of 2020, we find the pandemic has generally had a more severe economic impact on urban individuals than on their rural counterparts. Urban Americans were more likely to be unable to work and be unable to look for work due to Covid-19. They were also less likely than rural Americans to be paid for hours not worked. However, rural workers were less likely to be able to work remotely than urban workers. While the occurrence of negative outcomes diminished for both groups over time, important differences persisted. Finally, when adjusting estimates for demographic characteristics, we find all documented differences persist, suggesting disparities in the Covid-19 experience between urban and rural America cannot simply be explained due to well-known differences in demographic composition.

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Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural America

Cited by 299 publications

References 38 publications

Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on US Mortality: A County-Level Analysis

Assessing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on US Mortality: A County-Level Analysis

What Are the Impacts of Social Innovation? A Synthetic Review and Case Study of Community Forestry in the Scottish Highlands

Rural-urban differences in the labor-force impacts of COVID-19 in the United States

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