Impacts of the Hole Transport Layer Deposition Process on Buried Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang, Shen; Cabreros, Amanda; Yang, Yangyuchen; Hall, Alexander S.; Valenzuela, Sophia; Luo, Yanqi; Correa‐Baena, Juan‐Pablo; Kim, Min-cheol; Fjeldberg, Øeystein; Fenning, David P.; Meng, Ying Shirley

doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100103

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This can be usually achieved by dynamic spin coating of spiro-OMeTAD in the n-i-p PVSC. [98] Furthermore, oxidized spiro-OMeTAD forms harmful pyridinated byproducts upon reaction with tBP. [99] In summary, in a real-time application, PVSCs are exposed to the outside environment and subjected to different atmospheric/ moisture conditions.…”

Section: Stability Issues With Spiro-ometadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Review of Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transport Materials: Paths Toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Nakka

Cheng

Aberle

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have experienced rapid development in recent years, with its power conversion efficiency (PCE) improving from 3.8% in 2009 to an impressive 25.7% in 2021. [1] Thus, the metal halide perovskite is currently considered as a promising emerging photovoltaic (PV) material due to its excellent optoelectronic properties such as high optical absorption coefficient, long charge carrier lifetime, and low nonradiative recombination rates. [2] It is believed that the PVSCs can enter the specific PV market segments, such as building-integrated PV, in the coming years after upscaling the device fabrication and achieving decent device operational stability.The pioneer work of PVSCs was conducted by Miyasaka et al. using CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 as photoactive materials in the liquid-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). [3] The perovskite-based DSSCs achieved an efficiency of 3.8% but exhibited very poor stability because the metal halide perovskites are chemically reactive to the liquid electrolyte. Subsequently, the PCE of perovskite-based DSSCs was further improved to 6.5% using CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 quantum dots (QDs) as the light absorber in 2011. Although the authors demonstrated enhanced efficiency by this way, the device performance degraded by 80% upon continuous irradiation for only 10 min, because the redox electrolyte dissolved the perovskite QDs due to its strong polar property. [4] To resolve this issue, Park et al. proposed a transition from DSSC to a solid-state PVSC by introducing a solid-state organic hole conductor, namely, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9-9'spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). The solid-state hole conductor provides efficient hole extraction from the perovskite layer to the electrode, achieving a record PCE of 9.7%. [5] In addition, the stability of such solid-state PVSCs has improved to over 500 h under AM 1.5 G light illumination. This research has triggered rapid progress in the research activities on PVSCs and the related publications have increased exponentially since 2012. The yearly progress of PVSC is summarized in Figure 1 and the current certified record PCE of PVSCs is 25.7%, achieved by Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in 2021. [1]

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Section: Stability Issues With Spiro-ometadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Review of Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transport Materials: Paths Toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Nakka

Cheng

Aberle

et al. 2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…Meng's group systematically compared the Spiro‐OMeTAD HTLs processed by static and dynamic spin‐coating ( Figure a). [ 96 ] They found that PSCs using dynamic spin‐coated HTL showed a higher PCE and less hysteresis than the control. In addition, a high density of voids can be observed in the statically processed HTL by performing 3D morphological reconstruction while they were missing in the dynamically processed HTL (Figure 9b).…”

Section: Strategies Toward Improving Spiro‐ometad Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiro‐OMeTAD‐Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Shen

Deng

2022

Small Methods

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone unprecedented growth in the past decade as an emerging photovoltaic technology. Up till now, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25% that rivals silicon solar cells and there is still room for further enhancement. However, the development in long‐term stability lags far behind, which remains a great concern for the commercial application in the future. The device instability mainly arises from the functional components, including perovskite film, charge transport layers, and electrodes along with the involved interfaces. As the most widely studied hole transport layer at the current stage, 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) helps contribute to the achievement of record efficiency but it weakens the device stability due to the doping‐induced side effects such as hygroscopicity and ion migration. Great efforts are devoted to boosting the stability of Spiro‐OMeTAD while maintaining excellent photovoltaic performance. In this review, the fundamental properties of Spiro‐OMeTAD have been summarized and the recent advances in engineering Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based hole transport layer for the sake of highly efficient PSCs with enhanced longevity are highlighted. In the end, an outlook for the further optimization of Spiro‐OMeTAD is provided and the issues related to large‐scale production are discussed.

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“…Shen et al studied chemical and morphological variations for PSCs with static spin-coated HTLs (s-PSC) and with dynamic spin-coated HTLs (d-PSC) by 3D reconstruction with FIB/SEM. [186] The spin-coating process for s-PSC contains the wetting process of HTL solution on the top of the perovskite film, while d-PSC can be performed without chlorobenzene wetting on the perovskite film. As displayed in Figure 15c, morphological differences of using static and dynamic HTL spin-coating onto the perovskite film can be distinguished by 3D mapping reconstructed from FIB/SEM.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Characterization Techniques for Overcoming Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

Kim

Ham

Cheng

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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drastically improved between 1st and 3rd generations, showing decreasing the cost of manufacturing while maintaining power efficiency. [2] More recently, highefficiency and low-cost hybrid organicinorganic halide perovskite materials have emerged as the most promising light absorber for the new generation of photovoltaics replacing commercially dominant polycrystalline silicon materials. [3][4][5][6][7][8] After demonstrating solid-state perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 2012, [9] the volume of research for PSC has massively increased. Consequently, power conversion efficiency of PSCs has rapidly developed, currently exceeding 25%, surpassing Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), and approaching to single crystalline silicon solar cells.

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Impacts of the Hole Transport Layer Deposition Process on Buried Interfaces in Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Analytical Review of Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transport Materials: Paths Toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Analytical Review of Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transport Materials: Paths Toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Spiro‐OMeTAD‐Based Hole Transport Layer Engineering toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Characterization Techniques for Overcoming Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cell Materials

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