Impacts Of The Invasive FourEyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) On Siberian Fir (Abies Sibirica Ledeb.) Forests In Southern Siberia

Abstract

The emergence and spread of non-native invasive forest insects represent a major potential threat to global biodiversity. The present study examines the current invasion of the far eastern four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. in southern Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests. We collected data on 38 large sized (2500 m²) sample plots, situated in fir forests of the Tomsk region. As a direct result of the four-eyed fir bark beetle infestation, stand density decreased by 34-37%, and stand volume by 30%. The mean height, individual age and diameter at the stand level consequently increased. Our results indicated that stands with complete left-sided or normal ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of late virginal firs or firs in young reproductive stage) are more resistant to invasion by the four-eyed fir bark beetle. By contrast, fir forests characterized by more right-sided ontogenetic structure (composed primarily of mature and old reproductive firs), exhibited the least resistance and, with rare exception, degraded rapidly in response to the invasion. Our results also pointed to a mechanism that initiates invasions of the four-eyed fir bark beetle in fir stands of all types of ontogenetic structure, which is the attack of virginal trees and trees in early reproductive stages. Trees up to average diameter are the most susceptible to invasions of the bark beetle. We identified thicker bark, larger DBH and low occurrence of heart rot as the most important parameters for indicating resistance at the single tree level. DBH and bark thickness (p<0.05) correlated significantly with tree health status in infested stands. Our overall assessment of the potential natural regeneration of damaged stands is that the Siberian fir forests are resilient to invasive species and that the fir ecosystems can potentially recover from this disturbance.

Russian forests and climate change

“…An outbreak in 2014 in cedar-fir stands of the Yenisei plain, damaged considerable forest areas north of the historical distribution area of Siberian silk moth (Kharuk et al, 2017b). Another example is the Sakhalin-fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus) which causes dieback of Siberian fir stands, affecting approximately 40% of forest area of the Tomsk oblast (Krivets et al, 2018;Debkov et al, 2019).…”

Economic costs of biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems in Russia

“…Baranchikov et al (2008) and Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2014) studied the threat posed by the invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to ash species (Fraxinus spp.) in European Russia, whereas Baranchikov et al (2011), Kerchev and Krivets (2012) and Debkov et al (2019) estimated the ecological impact of the far eastern four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford that invaded Siberia. Within the group of phytophagous insects solely, around 200 invasive species are presently known in Russia, largely in its European part (Maslyakov and Izhevsky 2011).…”

Vegetation impact on atmospheric moisture transport under increasing land-ocean temperature contrasts

“…Russia, for example, is home to some of the world's most extensive natural forest ( Potapov et al, 2008 ). The pristine forest ecosystems are characterized by resilience to perturbations like fires, windfall or pests ( Sukachev, 1975 ; Gromtsev, 2002 ; Rich et al, 2007 ; Shorohova et al, 2008 ; Debkov et al, 2019 ). They also stabilize regional and global climates ( Gorshkov, 1995 ; Funk et al, 2019 ; Makarieva et al, 2020 ).…”