Impacts of the Plateau Environment on the Gut Microbiota and Blood Clinical Indexes in Han and Tibetan Individuals

Jia, Zhilong; Zhao, Xiaojing; Liu, Xiaoshuang; Zhao, Le; Jia, Qi; Shi, Jianxin; Xu, Xiao; Lü, Hao; Xu, Zhenguo; Zhong, Qingwen; Yu, Kang; Cui, Saijia; Chen, Huining; Guo, Jianying; Li, Xiang; Han, Yang; Song, Xinyu; Zhao, Chenghui; Bo, Xiaochen; Tian, Yaping; Wang, Weidong; Feng, Qiang; He, Kunlun

doi:10.1128/msystems.00660-19

Cited by 55 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The highly active β-galactosidase in Solobacterium provides nutrients for Prevotella, and promotes biofilm production (Barrak et al 2020). Solobacterium and Prevotella produce H 2 S, which regulates human blood pressure and pulmonary arterial pressure, increases cerebral blood flow, and helps the host adapt to a low-pressure hypoxic environment (Chen et al 2020;Mishra et al 2020b;Prabhakhar and Joyner 2014). The present study found that Gemella was positively correlated with Streptococcus, but negatively correlated with Prevotella.…”

Section: Changes In the Network Topological Features With Altitudesupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Tibetans also have the EPAS1 , EGLN1 , and PPARA genes related to adaptation to the plateau, which help the body to better adapt to the harsh environment (Zhou et al 2013 ; Huerta-Sánchez et al 2014 ; Lou et al 2015 ). Many bacteria in the Tibetan intestinal microbiota produce short-chain fatty acids, which promote energy metabolism and homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota (Jia et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diversity and community structure of microorganisms are subject to selective pressures of the harsh plateau environment (Li et al 2019 ). Cold, hypoxia, and high ultraviolet radiation may be important factors affecting the intestinal and skin microbiota of high-altitude populations (Li et al 2019 ; Jia et al 2020 ). However, only a few studies have focused on the characteristics of the oral microbiota in high-altitude populations (Leung et al 2003 ), and little is known about the relationship between the high-altitude environment and the oral microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of altitude on human oral microbes

et al. 2021

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Human oral microbes play a vital role maintaining host metabolic homeostasis. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is mainly characterized by a high altitude, dry, cold, and hypoxic environment. The oral microbiota is subject to selective pressure from the plateau environment, which affects oral health. Only a few studies have focused on the characteristics of oral microbiota in high-altitude humans. We collected saliva samples from 167 Tibetans at four altitudes (2800 to 4500 m) in Tibet to explore the relationship between the high altitude environment and oral microbiota. We conducted a two (high- and ultra-high-altitude) group analysis based on altitude, and adopted the 16S rRNA strategy for high-throughput sequencing. The results show that the alpha diversity of the oral microbiota decreased with altitude, whereas beta diversity increased with altitude. A LEfSe analysis revealed that the oral microbial biomarker of the high-altitude group (< 3650 m) was Streptococcus, and the biomarker of the ultra-high-altitude group (> 4000 m) was Prevotella. The relative abundance of Prevotella increased with altitude, whereas the relative abundance of Streptococcus decreased with altitude. A network analysis showed that the microbial network structure was more compact and complex, and the interaction between the bacterial genera was more intense in the high altitude group. Gene function prediction results showed that the amino acid and vitamin metabolic pathways were upregulated in the ultra-high-altitude group. These result show that altitude is an important factor affecting the diversity and community structure of the human oral microbiota.

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Section: Changes In the Network Topological Features With Altitudesupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of altitude on human oral microbes

et al. 2021

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“…4b ). These two genes are involved in signalling via GPCR and insulin receptor signalling pathways, which play critical roles in the hypoxia response 28,29 ; indeed, both insulin and glucose levels are reduced in Tibetan individuals relative to Han individuals 30 . These findings indicate gene-regulatory roles of dbsv57015 through the deactivation of a gene-regulatory enhancer element with combined effects on multiple genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural variant selection for high-altitude adaptation using single-molecule long-read sequencing

Shi

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Structural variants (SVs) can be important drivers of human adaptation with strong effects, but previous studies have focused primarily on common variants with weak effects. Here, we used large-scale single-molecule long-read sequencing of 320 Tibetan and Han samples, to show that SVs are key drivers of selection under high-altitude adaptation. We expand the landscape of global SVs, apply robust models of selection and population differentiation combining SVs, SNPs and InDels, and use epigenomic analyses to predict driver enhancers, target genes, upstream regulators, and biological functions, which we validate using enhancer reporter and DNA pull-down assays. We reveal diverse Tibetan-specific SVs affecting the cis- and trans-regulatory circuitry of diverse biological functions, including hypoxia response, energy metabolism, lung function, etc. Our study greatly expands the global SV landscape, reveals the central role of gene-regulatory circuitry rewiring in human adaptation, and illustrates the diverse functional roles that SVs can play in human biology.

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“…However, host's GM can be affected by various factors. Besides unchangeable internal genetic background [ 7 ], unique external geography environment characteristics, including regional altitude, also are important factors interacting with the GM of body [ 8 , 9 ]. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as a high-altitude area in China, is well known for its poor environmental characteristics, such as low atmosphere oxygen, cold and dry weather, and high intensity of ultraviolet radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Features of Gut Microbiota in High-Altitude Tibetan and Middle-Altitude Han Hypertensive Patients

Zhu

Ren

et al. 2020

Cardiology Research and Practice

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Indigenous animals show unique gut microbiota (GM) in the Tibetan plateau. However, it is unknown whether the hypertensive indigenous people in plateau also have the distinct gut bacteria, different from those living in plains. We sequenced the V3-V4 region of the gut bacteria 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of feces samples among hypertensive patients (HPs) and healthy individuals (HIs) from 3 distinct altitudes: Tibetans from high altitude (3600–4500 m, n = 38 and 34), Hans from middle altitude (2260 m, n = 49 and 35), and Hans from low altitude (13 m, n = 34 and 35) and then analyzed the GM composition among hypertensive and healthy subgroups using the bioinformatics analysis, respectively. The GM of high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude Han HPs presented greater α- and β-diversities, lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and higher abundance of beneficial Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia than the low-altitudes HPs did. The GM of high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude HIs showed greater α-diversity and lower ratio of F/B than the low-altitudes HIs did. But, β-diversity and abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia among different subgroups of HIs did not show any differences. Conclusively, the high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude Han HPs have a distinct feature of GM, which may be important in their adaptation to hypertension in the plateau environments.

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Impacts of the Plateau Environment on the Gut Microbiota and Blood Clinical Indexes in Han and Tibetan Individuals

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of altitude on human oral microbes

Effects of altitude on human oral microbes

Structural variant selection for high-altitude adaptation using single-molecule long-read sequencing

Distinct Features of Gut Microbiota in High-Altitude Tibetan and Middle-Altitude Han Hypertensive Patients

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