Impacts of the upper-ocean salinity variations on the decadal sea level change in the Southeast Indian Ocean during the Argo era

Huang, Jiamei; Zhuang, Wei; Yan, Xiao‐Hai; Wu, Zelun

doi:10.1007/s13131-020-1574-4

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We then examine the SSS climatology of 1995-2016, which is the background for the generation of salinity variability. Figure 2 suggests that ROMS can realistically simulate the SSS distribution, with the low-salinity water in the tropical sector and the high-salinity water in the subtropical sector (e.g., Huang et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021). There is a zonal SSS front formed approximately between 15 o -25 o S, and the cross-front salinity difference exceeds 1.6 psu (from 34.2 psu in the north to 35.8 psu in the south).…”

Section: Decadal Sss Variability and Roms Simulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the sea-level rise of SEIO since the 1960s, the contribution of salinity change through the halosteric effect reached ~40% (Lu et al, 2022). The salinity decline in the upper SEIO since 2005 greatly enhanced the recent sea-level rise (Llovel and Lee, 2015;Li et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2020). Menezes et al (2013) pointed out that the meridional salinity gradient in the SEIO is essential for the formation of the Eastern Gyral Current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various datasets and approaches have been utilized to explore the mechanisms of the decadal salinity variability in the SEIO (e.g., Du et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2021). By analyzing Argo data, Du et al (2015) showed that changes in precipitation and advection of ocean circulation were responsible for the SSS decline during 2005-2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed that horizontal advection by the ITF and the South Equatorial Current (SEC) are the main drivers of interannual and decadal changes in the SEIO salinity, while surface freshwater fluxes play a secondary role. The salt budget analysis of Huang et al (2020) suggested that the salinity gradient between tropical low-salinity water and subtropical high-salinity water is favorable for strong meridional salinity advection anomalies, which is conducive for decadal salinity variability. Wu et al (2021) also suggested the essence of meridional salinity advection and attributed it to local wind forcing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal variability of sea surface salinity in the Southeastern Indian Ocean: Roles of local rainfall and the Indonesian throughflow

Guo

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO) exhibits prominent decadal variability in sea surface salinity (SSS), showing salinity decreases during 1995-2000 and 2005-2011 and increases during 2000-2005 and after 2011. These salinity changes are linked to the Indo-Pacific climate and have impacts on the regional marine environment. Yet, the underlying mechanism has not been firmly established. In this study, decadal SSS variability of the SEIO is successfully simulated by a high-resolution regional ocean model, and the mechanism is explored through a series of sensitivity experiments. The results suggest that freshwater transport of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF) and local precipitation are two major drivers for the SSS decadal variability. They mutually cause most of the variability, with a generally larger contribution of precipitation. Other processes, such as evaporation and advection driven by local winds, play a minor role. Further analysis shows that the decadal precipitation in the SEIO is mainly associated with the decadal variability of Ningaloo Niño. Ocean dynamic processes significantly modify the relationship between SSS and precipitation, greatly shortening their lag time. The changes in both volume transport and salinity of the ITF water can cause large salinity changes in the SEIO region. Although local wind forcing gives rise to considerable changes in evaporation rate and ocean current advection, its overall contribution to decadal SSS variability is small compared to local precipitation and the ITF.

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Section: Decadal Sss Variability and Roms Simulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal variability of sea surface salinity in the Southeastern Indian Ocean: Roles of local rainfall and the Indonesian throughflow

Guo

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The decadal-long warming, however, shifted to a cooling trend after 2015 (Figure 1b). Previous studies indicated that this cooling tendency initially occurred near the western Australian coast in 2013 due to the weakening of the ITF (Huang et al, 2020) and then spread across the entire subtropical basin in 2015-2019 via local cyclonic wind forcing and westward-propagating upwelling Rossby waves (Volkov et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Upper-ocean Temperature Changes In the Swiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Cooling Events in the South Indian Ocean During the Argo Era

Huang

Zhuang

et al. 2022

JGR Oceans

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Despite the rapid warming in the south Indian Ocean (SIO) during the recent two decades, the upper 300 m of the tropical southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) experienced significant cooling during 2005–2011. The decreasing rate of the observed temperature reached −0.50 ± 0.1°C/decade. Heat budget analysis reveals that the cooling trend over SWIO results from the competing effect between local air‐sea heat flux and horizontal heat advection. Moreover, all the three observational datasets indicate that in the subtropical SIO, a prolonged cooling event occurred beneath the thermocline during 2010–2016. Although there exist some discrepancies between the observations and estimating the circulation and climate of the ocean (ECCO) reanalysis before 2010, the observations and ECCO reanalysis agree in terms of the post–2010 temperature variability in the intermediate layer of the subtropical region, probably because of the better constraint of the ECCO assimilation product by the increased sampling of Argo floats in the deeper ocean. The heat budget analysis indicates that during the period 2010–2016, the decadal cooling in the 400–1,000 m layer is primarily modulated by vertical ocean advection, and the horizontal ocean advection makes a secondary contribution. This study expands our knowledge of the decadal temperature variability and heat balance in the SIO during the Argo era.

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Rapid Sea Level Rise in the Tropical Southwest Indian Ocean in the Recent Two Decades

Huang,

Zhuang,

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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It has been reported that the sea level falls in the tropical Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) from the 1960s to the early 2000s. However, a rising trend of 4.05 ± 0.56 cm/decade has occurred during the recent two decades with our analysis showing that manometric sea level contributes 41% to this sea level rise. 30% of this rise is due to steric sea level (SSL) change in the upper 2,000 m with SSL rise in the upper 300 m of secondary importance. Conversely, thermal expansion below the thermocline (300–2,000 m), likely caused by water mass spread from the Southern Ocean, induces major contribution to SSL changes. Compared to existing studies demonstrating the contribution of thermal variations above the thermocline to sea level variability in the tropical SWIO, this study emphasizes the importance of ocean mass and deeper ocean changes in a warming climate.

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Impacts of the upper-ocean salinity variations on the decadal sea level change in the Southeast Indian Ocean during the Argo era

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Decadal variability of sea surface salinity in the Southeastern Indian Ocean: Roles of local rainfall and the Indonesian throughflow

Decadal variability of sea surface salinity in the Southeastern Indian Ocean: Roles of local rainfall and the Indonesian throughflow

Decadal Cooling Events in the South Indian Ocean During the Argo Era

Rapid Sea Level Rise in the Tropical Southwest Indian Ocean in the Recent Two Decades

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