Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon, nitrogen, moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities

Alatalo, Juha M.; Jägerbrand, Annika K.; Juhanson, Jaanis; Michelsen, Anders; Ľuptáčik, Peter

doi:10.1038/srep44489

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This ratio has been used to suggest nutrient availability in which fast-growing microbes like Proteobacteria are favored over slow-growing bacteria like Acidobacteria that are more successful in low nutrient environments [16,17]. The increasing soil temperature may act as a trigger and slowly induce changes or sequential reactions affecting the other environmental factors, such as pH, moisture, carbon, and nitrogen [51], which may explain the strong negative correlations between soil temperature with pH, and pH with moisture and nitrogen (Supplementary Fig 1). cas1 host composition, as a result, could be influenced by a combined effect of temperature, pH and moisture, and nutrients (total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonium) (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted assemblies of cas1 suggest CRISPR-Cas’s response to soil warming

Chai

Cole

et al. 2020

The ISME Journal

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There is an increasing interest in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system to reveal potential virus-host dynamics. The universal and most conserved Cas protein, cas1 is an ideal marker to elucidate CRISPR-Cas ecology. We constructed eight Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and assembled cas1 directly from metagenomes by a targeted-gene assembler, Xander, to improve detection capacity and resolve the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems. The eight HMMs were first validated by recovering all 17 cas1 subtypes from the simulated metagenome generated from 91 prokaryotic genomes across 11 phyla. We challenged the targeted method with 48 metagenomes from a tallgrass prairie in Central Oklahoma recovering 3394 cas1. Among those, 88 were near full length, 5 times more than in de-novo assemblies from the Oklahoma metagenomes. To validate the host assignment by cas1, the targeted-assembled cas1 was mapped to the de-novo assembled contigs. All the phylum assignments of those mapped contigs were assigned independent of CRISPR-Cas genes on the same contigs and consistent with the host taxonomies predicted by the mapped cas1. We then investigated whether 8 years of soil warming altered cas1 prevalence within the communities. A shift in microbial abundances was observed during the year with the biggest temperature differential (mean 4.16°C above ambient). cas1 prevalence increased and even in the phyla with decreased microbial abundances over the next 3 years, suggesting increasing virus-host interactions in response to soil warming. This targeted method provides an alternative means to effectively mine cas1 from metagenomes and uncover the host communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted assemblies of cas1 suggest CRISPR-Cas’s response to soil warming

Chai

Cole

et al. 2020

The ISME Journal

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“…Alatalo et al [52] also reported that warming results in reduced TN content in soil. We found an increase in foliar N concentration under warming in the same experimental plots (data not shown).…”

Section: Response Of Soil C and N Contents To Experimental Warmingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Short-Term Response of the Soil Microbial Abundances and Enzyme Activities to Experimental Warming in a Boreal Peatland in Northeast China

Song

Ren

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Global warming is likely to influence the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity and alter the carbon and nitrogen balance of peatland ecosystems. To investigate the difference in sensitivities of carbon and nitrogen cycling microorganisms and enzyme activity to warming, we conducted three-year warming experiments in a boreal peatland. Our findings demonstrated that both mcrA and nirS gene abundance in shallow soil and deep soil exhibited insensitivity to warming, while shallow soil archaea 16S rRNA gene and amoA gene abundance in both shallow soil and deep soil increased under warming. Soil pmoA gene abundance of both layers, bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance in shallow soil, and nirK gene abundance in deep soil decreased due to warming. The decreases of these gene abundances would be a result of losing labile substrates because of the competitive interactions between aboveground plants and underground soil microorganisms. Experimental warming inhibited β-glucosidase activity in two soil layers and invertase activity in deep soil, while it stimulated acid phosphatase activity in shallow soil. Both temperature and labile substrates regulate the responses of soil microbial abundances and enzyme activities to warming and affect the coupling relationships of carbon and nitrogen. This study provides a potential microbial mechanism controlling carbon and nitrogen cycling in peatland under climate warming.

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“…For example, Makkonen et al (2011) found drought-tolerant, large-bodied, surface-living Collembola to be most tolerant to experimental warming, and Bokhorst et al (2012) found small bodied fauna to be more sensitive to winter climate change than large-bodied species. For Acari, soft-bodied juvenile mites were found to be more susceptible to environmental changes than hard-bodied adults (Alatalo et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Acari, soft‐bodied juvenile mites were found to be more susceptible to environmental changes than hard‐bodied adults (Alatalo et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro‐arthropod communities

et al. 2020

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Global change experiments such as experimental warming and nutrient addition strongly affect the structure and functioning of high latitude and altitude ecosystems. However, it is often unknown to what extend such effects are permanent or whether changes persist after environmental conditions return to pre‐treatment levels. In this study, we assess the legacy effects of temperature manipulation and nutrient addition experiments on alpine soil micro‐arthropod (i.e., Collembola and Oribatida) communities nine years after the treatments were discontinued. Treatment effects on the vegetation were still detectable six years after cessation, although grazing increased the recovery rate. Because micro‐arthropods are often closely associated with vegetation, we expected to find that treatment effects on Collembola and Oribatida abundance and species composition persisted to date, reflecting plant community dynamics. Also, we expected large‐bodied, drought‐resistant Collembola species that live on top of the soil to show less strong legacy effects. We did not find legacy effects of environmental treatments on Collembola and Mesostigmata in terms of abundance. However, we found persistent changes in community composition of Collembola and Oribatida, suggesting treatment effects persist to date. The generalist Folsomia quadrioculata was the most responsive Collembola species to initial treatments, most likely due to its variable life‐history strategy. Although its abundance recovered, F. quadrioculata remained dominant in Collembola communities after cessation of the treatments. Grazing affected community composition of both Collembola and Oribatida, but we did not find grazing to reduce legacy effects on micro‐arthropod as it did for vegetation. We therefore conclude that the environmental treatments had only temporary effects on micro‐arthropods in terms of overall abundance, but that effects on individual species and therefore species composition may be long‐lasting and less predictable.

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Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon, nitrogen, moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities

Cited by 51 publications

References 50 publications

Targeted assemblies of cas1 suggest CRISPR-Cas’s response to soil warming

Targeted assemblies of cas1 suggest CRISPR-Cas’s response to soil warming

Short-Term Response of the Soil Microbial Abundances and Enzyme Activities to Experimental Warming in a Boreal Peatland in Northeast China

Legacy effects of experimental environmental change on soil micro‐arthropod communities

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