Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling – The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome

Pacyna, Józef M.; Cousins, Ian T.; Halsall, Crispin J.; Rautio, Arja; Pawlak, Janet; Pacyna, Elisabeth G.; Sundseth, Kyrre; Wilson, Simon; Munthe, John

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.02.010

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…What is of exceptional interest with respect to CC is that that biological pump may be strongly affected by climate variability and change, driven either by light or nutrient supply. Evidence has been provided not only for shifts in phytoplankton productivity (e.g., Henson et al, 2010;Arrigo et al, 2015;Lowry et al, 2014;Palmer et al, 2014) but also for significant change in vertical flux (Boetius et al 2013).…”

Section: Marine Environment 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While adverse health effects associated with exposure to POPs have been observed in high trophic level wildlife and humans, evidence specifically connecting CC and adverse effects from POPs is lacking. The problem is partly one of complexity and partly one of inadequate data (Pacyna et al, 2015). As already shown, CC can affect transport of, and exposure to, chemicals.…”

Section: Food Web and Wildlife Exposure Risk To Pops Under A Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of global climate change on the environmental fate of persistent organic pollutants: A review with emphasis on the Northern Hemisphere and the Arctic as a receptor

Hung

Macdonald

2016

Global and Planetary Change

144

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Following worldwide bans and restrictions on the use of many persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the late 1970s, their regional and global distributions have become governed increasingly by phase partitioning between environmental reservoirs, such as air, water, soil, vegetation and ice, where POPs accumulated during the original applications. Presently, further transport occurs within the atmospheric and aquatic reservoirs. Increasing temperatures provide thermodynamic forcing to drive these chemicals out of reservoirs, like soil, vegetation, water and ice, and into the atmosphere where they can be transported rapidly by winds and then recycled among environmental media to reach locations where lower temperatures prevail (e.g., polar regions and high elevations). Global climate change, widely considered as global warming, is also manifested by changes in hydrological systems and in the cryosphere; with the latter now exhibiting widespread loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean and thawing of permafrost.All of these changes alter the cycling and fate of POPs. There is abundant evidence from observations and modeling showing that climate variation has an effect on POPs levels in biotic and abiotic environments. This article reviews recent progress in research on the effects of climate change on POPs with the intention of promoting awareness of the importance of interactions between climate and POPs in the geophysical and ecological systems.

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Section: Marine Environment 23mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Food Web and Wildlife Exposure Risk To Pops Under A Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of global climate change on the environmental fate of persistent organic pollutants: A review with emphasis on the Northern Hemisphere and the Arctic as a receptor

Hung

Macdonald

2016

Global and Planetary Change

144

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“…Atmospheric chemistry and formation of new aerosols depends on the rate of atmospheric oxidation, which will be influenced by natural emissions, anthropogenic inputs, and the nature of the surface in the Arctic (sea-ice, snow, land, ocean), which controls surface albedo and the efficiency of dry deposition. The effects of climate change on snow cover, soils, vegetation, and water bodies, in addition to changes in surface temperature, ocean and atmospheric circulations, will likely have impacts on the cycling of POPs and Hg through different environmental media at high latitudes, and their atmospheric mobilisation (Wöhrnschimmel et al, 2013;Pacyna et al, 2015).…”

Section: Interactions and Feedbacks Between Anthropogenic Pollution Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic air pollution: Challenges and opportunities for the next decade

et al. 2016

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The Arctic is a sentinel of global change. This region is influenced by multiple physical and socio-economic drivers and feedbacks, impacting both the natural and human environment. Air pollution is one such driver that impacts Arctic climate change, ecosystems and health but significant uncertainties still surround quantification of these effects. Arctic air pollution includes harmful trace gases (e.g. tropospheric ozone) and particles (e.g. black carbon, sulphate) and toxic substances (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) that can be transported to the Arctic from emission sources located far outside the region, or emitted within the Arctic from activities including shipping, power production, and other industrial activities. This paper qualitatively summarizes the complex science issues motivating the creation of a new international initiative, PACES (air Pollution in the Arctic: Climate, Environment and Societies). Approaches for coordinated, international and interdisciplinary research on this topic are described with the goal to improve predictive capability via new understanding about sources, processes, feedbacks and impacts of Arctic air pollution. Overarching research actions are outlined, in which we describe our recommendations for 1) the development of trans-disciplinary approaches combining social and economic research with investigation of the chemical and physical aspects Arctic air pollution: Challenges and opportunities for the next decade of Arctic air pollution; 2) increasing the quality and quantity of observations in the Arctic using long-term monitoring and intensive field studies, both at the surface and throughout the troposphere; and 3) developing improved predictive capability across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Domain Editor-in-Chief

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“…Using guidelines for public health surveillance attributes set by the ECDC, the CDC, and other relevant literature, ten attributes of integrated surveillance systems in the Arctic and Subarctic regions were identified within the included articles: acceptability (48%; e.g., [66,90,91]), data quality (48%; e.g., [86,92,93]), stability (47%; e.g., [94,95,96]), reliability (39%; e.g., [75,81,88]), relevance (38%; e.g., [89,97,98]), representativeness (36%; e.g., [74,99,100]), timeliness (34%; e.g., [89,91,101]), scalability (28%; e.g., [76,102,103]), flexibility (21%; e.g., [104,105,106]), and simplicity (12%; e.g., [58,73,90]) (Appendix C, Table A2). Surveillance attributes described and/or recommended in the literature were related to the purpose and intended uses of integrated surveillance systems and data, as well as to each system’s operational context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to Climate and Environmental Change Impacts on Human Health via Integrated Surveillance in the Circumpolar North: A Systematic Realist Review

Sawatzky

Cunsolo

Jones‐Bitton

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Environments are shifting rapidly in the Circumpolar Arctic and Subarctic regions as a result of climate change and other external stressors, and this has a substantial impact on the health of northern populations. Thus, there is a need for integrated surveillance systems designed to monitor the impacts of climate change on human health outcomes as part of broader adaptation strategies in these regions. This review aimed to identify, describe, and synthesize literature on integrated surveillance systems in Circumpolar Arctic and Subarctic regions, that are used for research or practice. Following a systematic realist review approach, relevant articles were identified using search strings developed for MEDLINE® and Web of Science™ databases, and screened by two independent reviewers. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were retained for descriptive quantitative analysis, as well as thematic qualitative analysis, using a realist lens. Of the 3431 articles retrieved in the database searches, 85 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Thematic analysis identified components of integrated surveillance systems that were categorized into three main groups: structural, processual, and relational components. These components were linked to surveillance attributes and activities that supported the operations and management of integrated surveillance. This review advances understandings of the distinct contributions of integrated surveillance systems and data to discerning the nature of changes in climate and environmental conditions that affect population health outcomes and determinants in the Circumpolar North. Findings from this review can be used to inform the planning, design, and evaluation of integrated surveillance systems that support evidence-based public health research and practice in the context of increasing climate change and the need for adaptation.

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Impacts on human health in the Arctic owing to climate-induced changes in contaminant cycling – The EU ArcRisk project policy outcome

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

The influence of global climate change on the environmental fate of persistent organic pollutants: A review with emphasis on the Northern Hemisphere and the Arctic as a receptor

The influence of global climate change on the environmental fate of persistent organic pollutants: A review with emphasis on the Northern Hemisphere and the Arctic as a receptor

Arctic air pollution: Challenges and opportunities for the next decade

Responding to Climate and Environmental Change Impacts on Human Health via Integrated Surveillance in the Circumpolar North: A Systematic Realist Review

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