Impaired Binocular Depth Perception in First-Episode Drug-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia

Wang, Zhengchun; Yu, Zhipeng; Pan, Zhichao; Zhao, Keyu; Zhao, Qiqi; Zhou, Dongsheng; Shen, Haowei; Wu, Xiaoyan

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00850

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“… A Never-medicated first-episode psychosis patients (FEPs) have superior contrast sensitivity at lower spatial frequencies compared to healthy controls (HCs) [ 32 ]. B Never-medicated FEPs have a diminished ability to identify the circle that floats in stereo [ 35 ]. C FEPs need more of a temporal interval (SOA) between the target and a subsequent grid-like mask to achieve 75% accuracy on a Vernier discrimination task [ 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis

2022

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The field of psychiatry is far from perfect in predicting which individuals will transition to a psychotic disorder. Here, we argue that visual system assessment can help in this regard. Such assessments have generated medium-to-large group differences with individuals prior to or near the first psychotic episode or have shown little influence of illness duration in larger samples of more chronic patients. For example, self-reported visual perceptual distortions—so-called visual basic symptoms—occur in up to 2/3rds of those with non-affective psychosis and have already longitudinally predicted an impending onset of schizophrenia. Possibly predictive psychophysical markers include enhanced contrast sensitivity, prolonged backward masking, muted collinear facilitation, reduced stereoscopic depth perception, impaired contour and shape integration, and spatially restricted exploratory eye movements. Promising brain-based markers include visual thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity, decreased occipital gamma band power during visual detection (MEG), and reduced visually evoked occipital P1 amplitudes (EEG). Potentially predictive retinal markers include diminished cone a- and b-wave amplitudes and an attenuated photopic flicker response during electroretinography. The foregoing assessments are often well-described mechanistically, implying that their findings could readily shed light on the underlying pathophysiological changes that precede or accompany a transition to psychosis. The retinal and psychophysical assessments in particular are inexpensive, well-tolerated, easy to administer, and brief, with few inclusion/exclusion criteria. Therefore, across all major levels of analysis—from phenomenology to behavior to brain and retinal functioning—visual system assessment could complement and improve upon existing methods for predicting which individuals go on to develop a psychotic disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis

2022

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Remediation of Visual Processing Impairments in Schizophrenia: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be

Demmin

Fradkin

Silverstein

2019

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Psychotic Experiences in Schizophrenia and Sensitivity to Sensory Evidence

Weilnhammer

Eckert

et al. 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Abstract Perceptual inference depends on an optimal integration of current sensory evidence with prior beliefs about the environment. Alterations of this process have been related to the emergence of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. However, it has remained unclear whether delusions and hallucinations arise from an increased or decreased weighting of prior beliefs relative to sensory evidence. To investigate the relation of this prior-to-likelihood ratio to positive symptoms in schizophrenia, we devised a novel experimental paradigm which gradually manipulates perceptually ambiguous visual stimuli by disambiguating stimulus information. As a proxy for likelihood precision, we assessed the sensitivity of individual participants to sensory evidence. As a surrogate for the precision of prior beliefs in perceptual stability, we measured phase duration in ambiguity. Relative to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed a stronger increment in congruent perceptual states for increasing levels of disambiguating stimulus evidence. Sensitivity to sensory evidence correlated positively with the individual patients’ severity of perceptual anomalies and hallucinations. Moreover, the severity of such experiences correlated negatively with phase duration. Our results indicate that perceptual anomalies and hallucinations are associated with a shift of perceptual inference toward sensory evidence and away from prior beliefs. This reduced prior-to-likelihood ratio in sensory processing may contribute to the phenomenon of aberrant salience, which has been suggested to give rise to the false inferences underlying psychotic experiences.

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Impaired Binocular Depth Perception in First-Episode Drug-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis

Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis

Remediation of Visual Processing Impairments in Schizophrenia: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be

Psychotic Experiences in Schizophrenia and Sensitivity to Sensory Evidence

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