Impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. What best predicts future diabetes in Mauritius?

Shaw, Jonathan E.; Zimmet, Paul; Courten, Maximilian Pangratius J De; Dowse, Gary K.; Chitson, Pierrot; Gareeboo, H.; Hemraj, F.; Fareed, D.; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Alberti, K. G. M. M.

doi:10.2337/diacare.22.3.399

Cited by 291 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…These results underscore the urgency for development of national strategies, which must cover both urban and rural communities, to improve detection, prevention and treatment of diabetes in China in order to avert an epidemic of diabetes and its complications. dicate that impaired fasting glucose might not be as sensitive as impaired glucose tolerance as a predictor of diabetes [22,23]. Furthermore, the ADA and WHO criteria might identify different groups of individuals [24,25].…”

Section: Mean Glucose Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the general adult population of China. Methods. The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in ASIA, conducted from 2000 to 2001, included a nationally representative sample of 15 540 adults, aged 35 to 74 years. An overnight fasting blood specimen was collected to measure serum glucose and information on history of diabetes and use of hypoglycaemic medications was obtained by a standard questionnaire. Undiagnosed diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l) and impaired fasting glucose (6.1-6.9 mmol/l) were defined using the American Diabetes Association criteria. Results. Prevalence of self-reported diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and impaired fasting glucose in Chinese adults were 1.3%, 4.2%, and 7.3%, respectively. Overall, 5.2% or 12.7 million men and 5.8% or 13.3 million women in China aged 35 to 74 years had diabetes (self-reported diagnosis plus undiagnosed diabetes). The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was higher in residents of northern compared to southern China (7.4% vs 5.4%, p<0.001) and in those living in urban compared to rural areas (7.8% vs 5.1%, p<0.001). Conclusions/interpretation. Our results show that the prevalence of diabetes in the adult population in China is much higher than previously reported. Three out of every four diabetes patients are undiagnosed, indicative of a lack of population-based screening programmmes and a relatively rapid and recent increase in incidence of diabetes. These results indicate that diabetes has become a major public health problem in China and underscore the need for national strategies aimed at prevention and treatment of diabetes. [Diabetologia (2003) Diabetes is a well-established modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases in Western countries [1,2]. The importance of diabetes is likely to increase because the prevalence of diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes, has risen steadily during recent decades and is projected to continue to increase. The prevalence of diabetes in a recent survey in the U.S. was 7.8% in adults aged 20 years and older, with a further 6.9% recording an impaired fasting glucose concentration [3]. The increasing prevalence of diabetes in the U.S. population contrasts with the observed decline in the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in the same populations [4,5]. The rising prevalence of obesity, related to caloric intake in excess of energy expenditure, is a likely cause for

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Section: Mean Glucose Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

et al. 2003

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“…We did this to examine whether the effect of the class III allele was more pronounced in subjects at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes [35,36,37]. However, among these "pre-diabetic" subjects, no significant effect of the class III allele on estimates of insulin release, BMI or insulin sensitivity was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale studies of the HphI insulin gene variable-number-of-tandem-repeats polymorphism in relation to Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin release

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. The class III allele of the variablenumber-of-tandem-repeats polymorphism located 5′ of the insulin gene (INS-VNTR) has been associated with Type 2 diabetes and altered birthweight. It has also been suggested, although inconsistently, that the class III allele plays a role in glucose-induced insulin response among NGT individuals. Methods. We investigated the impact of the class III allele on Type 2 diabetes susceptibility in a case-control study involving 1462 Type 2 diabetic patients and 4931 NGT subjects. We also examined the potential impact of the class III allele in genotype-quantitative trait studies in three Danish study populations containing (i) 358 young healthy subjects; (ii) 4444 middleaged NGT subjects, 490 subjects with IFG and 678 subjects with IGT; and (iii) 221 NGT subjects, of whom one parent had Type 2 diabetes.Results. There was no difference in frequency of the class III allele or in genotype distribution between the 1462 Type 2 diabetic patients and the 4931 NGT subjects. Among the 358 young subjects the class III/III carriers had significantly reduced post-IVGTT acute serum insulin and C-peptide responses (p=0.04 and 0.03 respectively). However, among the 4444 middleaged subjects we failed to demonstrate any association between the class III allele and post-OGTT serum insulin and C-peptide levels. Conclusions/interpretation. The class III allele of the INS-VNTR does not confer susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes or consistent alterations in glucose-induced insulin release in the examined populations, which consisted of Danish Caucasians.

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“…The risk to progress to T2DM differs between these groups, with the lowest risk in IFG, followed by IGT and the highest risk in IFG/IGT compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects. [1][2][3][4][5] Furthermore, impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. 6,7 To provide a basis for the development of tailored strategies to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM and cardiovascular diseases, it is important to obtain more insight into the pathogenesis of IFG, IGT and IFG/IGT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism

et al. 2011

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Objective: To determine insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) handling at baseline and after a high-fat mixed meal in impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG/IGT and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects. Design: In this multi-center study, insulin sensitivity and b-cell function were assessed (n ¼ 102), using a euglycemichyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamp with additional arginine stimulation and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling was examined in a substudy using the forearm balance technique (n ¼ 35). Subjects: A total of 102 subjects with IFG (n ¼ 48), IGT (n ¼ 12), IFG/IGT (n ¼ 26) and NGT (n ¼ 16). Results: IFG, IGT and IFG/IGT subjects had lower insulin sensitivity with no differences between groups, and lower impaired b-cell function compared with NGT controls. The early postprandial increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration was higher (iAUC 0À2 h IFG: 238.4 ± 26.5, IGT: 234.0 ± 41.0 and NGT: 82.6 ± 13.8 mmol l À1 min À1 , both Po0.05) and early TAG extraction was increased (AUC 0À2 h IFG: 56.8±9.0, IGT: 52.2±12.0 and NGT: 3.8±15.4 nmol Á 100 ml À1 min À1 , Po0.05 and P ¼ 0.057, respectively) in both IFG and IGT subjects. Conclusion: IFG, IGT and IFG/IGT subjects have lower insulin sensitivity and impaired b-cell function compared with age-and BMI-matched NGT controls. The increased postprandial TAG response and higher muscle TAG extraction in both IFG and IGT compared with NGT may lead to ectopic fat accumulation in the skeletal muscle, thereby contributing to insulin resistance.

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Impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. What best predicts future diabetes in Mauritius?

Abstract: These data demonstrate the higher sensitivity of IGT over IFG for predicting progression to type 2 diabetes. Screening by the criteria for IFG alone would identify fewer people who subsequently progress to type 2 diabetes than would the oral glucose tolerance test.

Cited by 291 publications

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Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)

Large-scale studies of the HphI insulin gene variable-number-of-tandem-repeats polymorphism in relation to Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin release

Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism

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