Impaired Ghrelin Response after High-Fat Meals Is Associated with Decreased Satiety in Obese and Lean Chinese Young Adults ,

Abstract

Ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) are known to affect appetite and body weight, but the acute effects of fat-rich and carbohydrate-rich meals on plasma ghrelin, PYY response, and appetite remain unclear. We hypothesized that obese individuals had impaired postprandial ghrelin and PYY response based on macronutrient content of meals, affecting appetite and energy intake. We conducted a randomized crossover trail comparing fasting ghrelin and PYY concentrations, postprandial ghrelin and PYY responses, and subjective appetite in 15 obese and 12 lean Chinese young adults after they consumed isocaloric high-carbohydrate [HC; 88% energy carbohydrate, 4% energy fat, 8% energy protein] and high-fat (HF; 25% energy carbohydrate, 71% energy fat, 4% energy protein) meals. Ghrelin concentrations over time differed between HC and HF meals (P < 0.01) via repeated measures of ANOVA, with lower postprandial ghrelin suppression after HF meals, especially among obese participants. PYY response differed between meals among lean participants, with a delayed and higher postprandial PYY peak after the HF meal (P < 0.01); however, PYY response did not differ among obese participants. The incremental area under the curve of PYY was higher in lean than in obese participants after the HF meal (P < 0.01). These results suggest that impaired ghrelin response after HF meals may contribute to reduced satiety and overeating, especially among obese individuals. Whether an attenuated response of PYY in obese participants after a HF meal bears any physiological consequences warrants further study.

Przedposiłkowe i poposiłkowe zmiany stężeń obu form greliny u osób otyłych i nieotyłych

“…They found that acylated ghrelin levels dropped significantly after meal ingestion and remain decreased 2 h later in lean controls, whereas in obese individuals no changes of AG were observed at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after meal ingestion. The present study confirms these observations and previous reports that obesity can alter postprandial ghrelin response [7,8]. We also observed that the proportion between acylated and desacylated ghrelin are modulated by meal consumption in a different manner in obese and non-obese individuals.…”

“…partially confirm the hypothesis that the dysregulation of ghrelin secretion may reinforce obesity [8,9] and that the modulation of altered proportions of both ghrelin forms may be a new treatment strategy for obese individuals. Recently some studies have concentrated on the AG/DAG ratio and their impact on the pathogenesis of obesity [19][20][21].…”

“…Obese individuals have lower fasting ghrelin levels than lean controls [5,6] and it has been demonstrated that they present evidently reduced suppression in postprandial ghrelin levels [7,8]. Such dysregulation of ghrelin secretion may lead to hyperphagia and reinforce obesity [8,9].…”

Water Extract of Liuwei Dihuang Reduces Weight Gain and Visceral Fat in Obese Rats

“…Nevertheless, it is reported that the postprandial blood levels of these gut hormones are significantly different between obese and lean rats or mice, and are regulated by the intake of macronutrients [27,28]. Evidence suggests that postprandial rather than fasting blood levels of ghrelin, PYY and NPY play an important role in regulating food intake and energy metabolism in rodents [29]. A prospective study on appetite-regulating hormones under fasting and postprandial conditions would help to elucidate whether LWDH has a regulatory effect on appetite and satiation.…”

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“…Additionally, another study showed higher baseline leptin levels in obese subjects compared to lean subjects [15]. Furthermore, Yang et al [16] reported greater postprandial suppression of ghrelin in obese as well as lean subjects after a high carbohydrate meal rather than a high fat meal. However, obese individuals demonstrated less ghrelin suppression following either meal when compared to the lean subjects.…”