Impaired Taste and Increased Mortality in Acutely Hospitalized Older People

Solemdal, Kirsten; Møinichen-Berstad, Christina; Mowé, Morten; Hummel, Thomas; Sandvik, Leiv

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt116

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The close connection between these various sensory deficits, cognitive decline, and even death suggest the possibility that global sensory decline, define here as a common physiological process underlying deterioration of the classical senses, is an early indicator of neurodegeneration, with attendant poor social and health outcomes . Additionally, frequent associations between health outcomes and each of the different five classical senses may reflect common mechanisms underlying the effects of aging on these systems.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…[6][7][8] Hearing loss is associated with slower gait speed 9 (a marker of physical decline), poor cognition, and mortality. 10 Like smell, taste has been associated with nutritional compromise 11 and in patient mortality, 12 suggesting that chemosensory function is critical. Tactile discrimination declines with age 13 due to the cumulative effects of decreased nerve conduction velocity, 14 decreased density of Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles, and gray matter changes in the central nervous system and is also associated with cognitive decline.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The importance of considering simultaneous impairments is clear from studies of vision and hearing, which have shown that dual losses interfere synergistically with independent function, presage cognitive decline, and signal greater mortality. [23][24][25] The close connection between these various sensory deficits, cognitive decline, and even death suggest the possibility that global sensory decline, define here as a common physiological process underlying deterioration of the classical senses, is an early indicator of neurodegeneration, 2,12,20,24 with attendant poor social and health outcomes. 1 Additionally, frequent associations between health outcomes and each of the different five classical senses may reflect common mechanisms underlying the effects of aging on these systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Global Sensory Impairment in Older Adults in the United States

Correia

Lopez

Wroblewski

et al. 2016

J American Geriatrics Society

126

108

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Objectives Age-related decline of the five classical senses (vision, smell, hearing, touch, and taste) poses significant burdens on older adults. The co-occurrence of multiple sensory deficits in older adults is not well characterized and may reflect a common mechanism resulting in global sensory impairment. Design, Setting, and Participants The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a representative, population-based study of community dwelling older US adults (57-85 years of age), collected biomarkers, social and health history, and other physiological measures, including sensory function. Measurements We estimated the frequency with which impairment co-occurred across the five senses as an integrated measure of sensory aging. We hypothesized that multisensory deficits would be common and reflect global sensory impairment which would largely explain the effects of age, gender, and race on sensory dysfunction. Results Two thirds (67%) of the older US population suffer from two or more sensory deficits, 27% from just one, and only 6% had none. Impairment of the sense of taste was the most common (74%); 70% had a poor sense of touch; 22% had poor sense of smell; 20% had impaired corrected vision; and 18% had poor corrected hearing. Older adults, men, African Americans, and Hispanics had greater multisensory impairment (all P<0.01). Global sensory impairment largely accounted for the effects of age, gender, and race on the likelihood of impairment of each of the five senses. Conclusion Multisensory impairment is prevalent in older US adults. These data support the concept of a common process that underlies sensory aging across the five senses. Clinicians assessing patients with a sensory deficit should consider further evaluation for additional cooccurring sensory deficits.

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Global Sensory Impairment in Older Adults in the United States

Correia

Lopez

Wroblewski

et al. 2016

J American Geriatrics Society

126

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sensory loss commonly affects how older adults live and interact with their environments and other people and plays a critical role in disease, often with profound consequences. Sensory loss is associated with an array of detrimental clinical and functional outcomes, depending on the sense involved . Evidence supporting such relationships has focused primarily on single‐sensory modalities or dual impairments (typically vision and hearing), and dual deficits have ben found to have synergistic detrimental effects …”

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confidence: 99%

Global Sensory Impairment Predicts Morbidity and Mortality in Older U.S. Adults

Pinto

Wroblewski

Huisingh-Scheetz

et al. 2017

J American Geriatrics Society

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OBJECTIVES:To evaluate global sensory impairment (GSI, an integrated measure of sensory dysfunction) as a predictor of physical function, cognition, overall health, and mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. PARTICIPANTS: A national probability sample of 3,005 home-dwelling older U.S. adults assessed at baseline and 5-year follow-up (2010-11). MEASUREMENTS: Gait speed, activity, disability, cognition, overall health, 5-year mortality. RESULTS: At baseline, older adults with worse GSI were slower (Timed Up and Go times: odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-1.50) and had more activity of daily living deficits (≥2: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10-1.46). Five years later, they were still slower (timed walk: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.05-1.42), had more disabilities (≥2 instrumental activities of daily living; OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.23-1.70), were less active (daytime activity according to accelerometry: b = À2.7, 95% CI = À5.2 to À0.2), had worse cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; b = À0.64, 95% CI = À0.84 to À0.44), more likely to have poorer overall health (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03-1.31) and lose weight (>10%: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04-1.64), and have died (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.19-1.76). All analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders at baseline, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, smoking, problem drinking, body mass index, comorbidities, and cognitive function. CONCLUSION: GSI predicts impaired physical function, cognitive dysfunction, significant weight loss, and mortality 5 years later in older U.S. adults. Multisensory evaluation may identify vulnerable individuals, offering the opportunity for early intervention to mitigate adverse outcomes.

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“…Such lack of awareness also is evident in the general population, as well as in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Lack of awareness, however, does not avert clinical significance, however, since such losses can be harbingers for nutritional deficits [34] and higher subsequent mortality [35, 36]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

et al. 2016

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Empirical studies of taste function in multiple sclerosis (MS) are rare. Moreover, a detailed assessment of whether quantitative measures of taste function correlate with the punctate and patchy myelin-related lesions found throughout the CNS of MS patients has not been made. We administered a 96-trial test of sweet (sucrose), sour (citric acid), bitter (caffeine) and salty (NaCl) taste perception to the left and right anterior (CN VII) and posterior (CN IX) tongue regions of 73 MS patients and 73 matched controls. The number and volume of lesions were assessed using quantitative MRI in 52 brain regions of 63 of the MS patients. Taste identification scores were significantly lower in the MS patients for sucrose (p=.0002), citric acid (p=.0001), caffeine (p=.0372) and NaCl (p=.0004) and were present in both anterior and posterior tongue regions. The percent of MS patients with identification scores falling below the 5th percentile of controls was 15.07% for caffeine, 21.9% for citric acid, 24.66% for sucrose, and 31.50% for NaCl. Such scores were inversely correlated with lesion volumes in the temporal, medial frontal, and superior frontal lobes, and with the number of lesions in the left and right superior frontal lobes, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and left parietal operculum. Regardless of the subject group, women outperformed men on the taste measures. These findings indicate that a sizable number of MS patients exhibit taste deficits that are associated with MS-related lesions throughout the brain.

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Impaired Taste and Increased Mortality in Acutely Hospitalized Older People

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Global Sensory Impairment in Older Adults in the United States

Global Sensory Impairment in Older Adults in the United States

Global Sensory Impairment Predicts Morbidity and Mortality in Older U.S. Adults

Taste dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

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