Impairment in role functioning in mental and chronic medical disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Individual and Societal Effects of Mental Disorders on Earnings in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

“…Our estimate is, on the surface, much higher than the estimates reported by Rice et Irrespective of the reasons for the differences in estimates across studies, all three studies found that mental disorders are associated with massive losses of productive human capital. This finding adds to a growing body of evidence that the impaired functioning associated with mental disorders carries an enormous societal burden (30,31), although caution is needed in not inferring causation from our associational results. Comparative cost-of-illness studies show that the magnitude of this association is high in relation to most physical disorders.…”

“…For example, a recent study found that up to one-third of illness-related days out of role in the US are related to mental rather than physical disorders (31). Yet only 6.2% of all US healthcare spending is devoted to treatment of mental disorders (32) even though most people with mental disorders do not get treatment (33) and treatment is much higher for physical than mental disorders with comparable levels of impairment (30). This kind of comparative information about burden and treatment should be integrated with information about comparative treatment effectiveness to develop rational rules to guide decisions about implementation of disorder-specific screening and treatment programs and about federal healthcare research resource allocation (34).…”

Unnecessary work tasks and mental health: a prospective analysis of Danish human service workers

“…In addition to substantial individual consequences in terms of quality of life and role impairment (2), mental disorders are associated with considerable societal costs in terms of reduced productivity, sickness absence, and treatment expenses (3,4). According to the World Health Organization, mental health is not only defined by the absence of mental disorder, but is "… a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community" (5, p2).…”

Factors Associated with Costs of Hospitalization of Severely Mentally Ill Patients

“…Excluding dementias, they occur at a combined lifetime prevalence of nearly 5% for psychotic and bipolar disorders and approximately 10% for major depressive disorder [1][2][3]. As largely chronic or recurrent illnesses, they carry high risks of disability and early mortality, in addition to representing extraordinary direct (care) and indirect (disability) costs to society [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Such disorders particularly during acute dysfunction, dangerousness, and with commonly co-occurring general medical illness represent the most frequent reason for hospitalization in psychiatric units of general hospitals as well as specialized institutions [2,3,[12][13][14].…”