Impairment of a pregnant woman’s acquired ability to limit Plasmodium falciparum by infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1

Steketee, Richard W.; Wirima, Jack J.; Bloland, Peter B.; Chilima, Ben; Mermin, Jonathan; Chitsulo, Lester; Breman, Joel G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.42

Cited by 238 publications

(196 citation statements)

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“…36 However, an assos s ciation between HIV status and both peripheral and placental malaria and higher parasite densities in HIVsinfected individuals was seen in this study as well as in several previous studies. [37][38][39] Paritys specific immunity appears to be reduced in HIVspositive women; women of all parities have a higher relative risk for malaria if they are HIVspositive. 27,37,39,40 This in turn may lead to an even higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, als s though we did not observe this, with the exception of a univariate effect of HIV on stillbirth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37][38][39] Paritys specific immunity appears to be reduced in HIVspositive women; women of all parities have a higher relative risk for malaria if they are HIVspositive. 27,37,39,40 This in turn may lead to an even higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, als s though we did not observe this, with the exception of a univariate effect of HIV on stillbirth. Any effect on pregnancy outcome may be partially mediated through the effect of HIV infection on malaria and/or anaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Watson-Jones

Weiss

Changalucha

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

130

121

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Objective To determine risk factors for poor birth outcome and their population attributable fractions. Methods 1688 women who attended for antenatal care were recruited into a prospective study of the effectiveness of syphilis screening and treatment. All women were screened and treated for syphilis and other reproductive tract infections (RTIs) during pregnancy and followed to delivery to measure the incidence of stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm live birth. Findings At delivery, 2.7% of 1536 women experienced a stillbirth, 12% of live births were preterm and 8% were LBW. Stillbirth was independently associated with a past history of stillbirth, short maternal stature and anaemia. LBW was associated with short maternal stature, ethnicity, occupation, gravidity and maternal malaria whereas preterm birth was associated with occupation, age of sexual debut, untreated bacterial vaginosis and maternal malaria. IUGR was associated with gravidity, maternal malaria, short stature, and delivering a female infant. In the women who had been screened and treated for syphilis, in between 20 and 34% of women with each outcome was estimated to be attributable to malaria, and 63% of stillbirths were estimated as being attributable to maternal anaemia. Screening and treatment of RTIs was effective and no association was seen between treated RTIs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Maternal malaria and anaemia continue to be significant causes of adverse pregnancy outcome in sub-Saharan Africa. Providing reproductive health services that include treatment of RTIs and prevention of malaria and maternal anaemia to reduce adverse birth outcomes remains a priority. Voir page 16 le résumé en français. En la página 16 figura un resumen en español.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Watson-Jones

Weiss

Changalucha

et al. 2007

Bull World Health Organ

130

121

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“…2,3 HIVinfected pregnant women have reduced antimalarial immunity 4 and, when infected, higher burdens of the malaria parasite. [5][6][7][8][9] Malaria-infected pregnant women have increased CD4+ cell activation, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased HIV RNA viral loads. 5,10 Considerable efforts have been made to combat malaria burden in Zambia, and while there has been a resurgence of malaria in the country, in Lusaka Province, malaria transmission is very low with < 1% parasite prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine and Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cohort of Zambian Pregnant Women in a Low Malaria Prevalence Region

Stoner

Vwalika

Smid

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In Lusaka, Zambia, where malaria prevalence is low, national guidelines continue to recommend that all pregnant women receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for malaria prophylaxis monthly at every scheduled antenatal care visit after 16 weeks of gestation. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women should receive co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV and not SP, but many still receive SP. We sought to determine whether increased dosage of SP is still associated with a reduced risk of low birth weight (LBW) in an area where malaria transmission is low. Our secondary objective was to determine whether any association between SP and LBW is modified by receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We analyzed data routinely collected from a cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women with singleton births in Lusaka, Zambia, between February 2006 and December 2012. We used a logPoisson model to estimate the risk of LBW by dosage of SP and to determine whether the association between SP and LBW varied by receipt of ART. Risk of LBW declined as the number of doses increased and appeared lowest among women who received three doses (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.95). In addition, women receiving combination ART had a higher risk of delivering an LBW infant compared with women receiving no treatment or prophylaxis (ARR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.09-1.28), but this risk was attenuated among women who were receiving SP (risk ratio = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.99-1.21). SP was associated with a reduced risk of LBW in HIVpositive women, including those receiving ART, in a low malaria prevalence region.

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“…In our patient too, the symptoms were mild despite heavy parasite load. Higher parasitemia has been reported in HIV infected pregnant women in Malawi and postnatal infant mortality rate was higher if the mother had both infections than either one alone [5,6,7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Mehta¹,

Swamy²,

Muthukrishnan³

et al. 2004

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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Impairment of a pregnant woman’s acquired ability to limit Plasmodium falciparum by infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1

Cited by 238 publications

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Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Adverse birth outcomes in United Republic of Tanzania - impact and prevention of maternal risk factors

Dosage of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine and Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cohort of Zambian Pregnant Women in a Low Malaria Prevalence Region

Malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

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