Impairment of source memory in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: Equivalent current dipole analysis

Kim, Young Youn; Roh, Ah Young; Yoo, So Young; Kang, Do‐Hyung; Kwon, Jun Soo

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.03.025

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…On one hand, orbitofrontal impairments are implicated in olfactory dysfunction, which in turn plays a role in the nutritional problems and decline in quality of life observed in alcoholic individuals [69], [70]. On the other hand, orbitofrontal impairments underlie source memory deficits, which are known to compromise daily functioning [71], [72]. Source memory and olfactory deficits are currently ignored in clinical practice, and the present study underlines the importance of developing standard evaluation and specific therapeutic programs focusing on olfactory and source memory rehabilitation in alcoholism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment Is Correlated with Confabulation in Alcoholism: Towards a Multimodal Testing of Orbitofrontal Cortex

et al. 2011

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BackgroundOlfactory abilities are now a flourishing field in psychiatry research. As the orbitofrontal cortex appears to be simultaneously implicated in odour processing and executive impairments, it has been proposed that olfaction could constitute a cognitive marker of psychiatric states. While this assumption appears promising, very few studies have been conducted on this topic among psychopathological populations. The present study thus aimed at exploring the links between olfaction and executive functions. These links were evaluated using two tasks of comparable difficulty, one known to rely on orbitofrontal cortex processing (i.e., a confabulation task), and one not associated with this area (i.e., Stop-Signal task).Methodology/Principal FindingsTwenty recently detoxified alcoholic individuals and twenty paired controls took part in an experiment evaluating olfactory abilities and executive functioning (i.e., Stop-Signal task and confabulation task). Comorbidities and potential biasing variables were also controlled for. Alcoholic individuals exhibited impaired performance for high-level olfactory processing and significant confabulation problems as compared to controls (but no deficit in Stop-Signal task), even when the influence of comorbidities was taken into account. Most importantly, olfactory abilities and confabulation rates were significantly correlated in both groups.Conclusions/SignificanceAlcoholism jointly leads to olfactory and memory source impairments, and these two categories of deficits are associated. These results strongly support the proposition that olfactory and confabulation measures both index orbitofrontal functioning, and suggest that olfaction could become a reliable cognitive marker in psychiatric disorders. Moreover, it underlines the need to take into account these olfactory and source memory impairments in a clinical context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment Is Correlated with Confabulation in Alcoholism: Towards a Multimodal Testing of Orbitofrontal Cortex

et al. 2011

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“…They subsequently found that general confidence in memory uniquely predicted symptom severity [63]. In an electroencephalography (EEG) study, it was shown that source memory may be associated with memory dysfunction per se while item memory accuracy correlated with cognitive confidence, suggesting that perhaps different aspects of memory are affected more than others by reduced confidence [64].…”

Section: Metacognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current research on cognitive aspects of anxiety disorders

Ferreri

Lapp

Peretti

2011

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

104

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Advances have clearly been made in the elucidation of the cognitive functioning associated with anxiety disorders. It remains unclear if particular cognitive profiles can help to distinguish anxiety disorders from one another, although emerging evidence suggests this may be the case. Further clarification will add to our understanding of the development and maintenance of these disorders, and may provide targets for future therapy and endophenotypes.

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“…In this way, Oades, Zerbin [194] found that OCD patients had higher N1 response amplitude in the right hemisphere, which was not the case in HCS. Morault et al [195] showed that in response to verbal auditory stimuli presented in an "odd-ball" paradigm, patients with OCD had auditory evoked responses that are more positive in the left hemisphere while healthy subjects have more positive responses in the right hemisphere, however the opposite tendency was found for words when compared with HCS [196]. In addition, mismatch negativity (MMN) responses shifted to the right in subjects with OCD in a study by Oades et al [194].…”

Section: Early Sensory Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Utility of Electromagnetic Activity Measures in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Schizophrenia

Harris¹,

Korostenskaja²

2014

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - The Old and the New Problems

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The prevalence of both OCD and SCZ is high, with estimates across the globe ranging from 1-2% of the population [1][2][3][4]. There is significant morbidity associated with both of these conditions [5]. Symptoms of these diseases may impact the individual's family, and ability to work and contribute to society. The quality of life of patients with OCD is impaired primarily during the symptomatic state but less so when patients are treated or in remission [6,7]. Close to 76% of patients with SCZ are unable to engage in basic social roles, even when psychotic symptoms are in remission; few marry, and less than one third are in regular employment [8]. Nine to thirteen percent of patients with schizophrenia commit suicide [9].The prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms in patients with SCZ ranges from 7.8%[10] to 25% [11]. Whereas less than 2% of patients with OCD develop psychotic symptoms [12]. The age of onset of OCD is bimodal with peaks both in children and young adults [13]; the typical age of onset of SCZ is in the third decade of life with childhood onset being extremely rare [14]. Clinical characteristicsThe clinical presentation of OCD and SCZ is currently what is used to diagnose and distinguish these conditions. OCD is characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions [15]. Obsessions are unwanted thoughts or images that recur. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform. Patients with OCD often describe either a sense of incompleteness if a ritual is not done just right or a sense that something bad will happen if they don't perform the ritual. SCZ, on the other hand, is characterized by positive and negative symptoms [15]. Positive symptoms refer to additional symptoms that are not present in a healthy individual such as hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder. Negative symptoms refer to deficits, such as, lack of facial expressions and emotional variability, decreased energy and diminished verbal output. Cognitive dysfunction [16] and disorganized behavior may be present as well and include disorganized speech, bizarre behavior and poor attention [17].While OCD and SCZ are described as distinct psychiatric disorders [18], some authors argue that a "schizo-obsessive disorder" exists as well [19][20][21]. Indeed, a subset of individuals with SCZ present with obsessive compulsive symptoms and a subset of patients with OCD lack insight. Some have concluded from this overlap, that there is a spectrum of disorders that ranges from: [1] OCD, [2] OCD with poor insight, [3] OCD with schizotypal personality disorder, [4] schizophrenia with obsessive compulsive symptoms, [5] SCZ with OCD and [6] SCZ [22].

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Impairment of source memory in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: Equivalent current dipole analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Olfactory Impairment Is Correlated with Confabulation in Alcoholism: Towards a Multimodal Testing of Orbitofrontal Cortex

Olfactory Impairment Is Correlated with Confabulation in Alcoholism: Towards a Multimodal Testing of Orbitofrontal Cortex

Current research on cognitive aspects of anxiety disorders

The Utility of Electromagnetic Activity Measures in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Schizophrenia

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