Impairments and compensation in string-pulling after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

Hart, Muriel; Blackwell, Ashley A.; Whishaw, Ian Q.; Wallace, Douglas G.; Cheatwood, Joseph L.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114469

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

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String-pulling by the common marmoset

Bertrand,

Karkuszewski,

Kersten

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Coordinated hand movements used to grasp and manipulate objects are crucial for many daily activities, such as tying shoelaces or opening jars. Recently, the string-pulling task - which involves cyclically reaching, grasping and pulling a string - has been used to study coordinated hand movements in rodents and humans. Here we characterize how adult common marmosets perform the string-pulling task and describe changes in performance across the lifespan. Marmosets (n=15, 7 female) performed a string-pulling task for a food reward using an instrumented apparatus attached to their home-cage. Movement kinematics were acquired using markerless video tracking and we assessed individual hand movements and bimanual coordination using standard metrics. Marmosets appeared to guide their actions with vision and readily performed the string-pulling task regardless of sex or age. The task required very little training and animals routinely engaged in multiple pulling trials per session despite not being under water or food control. All marmosets showed consistent pulling speed and similar hand movements regardless of age. Adult marmosets exhibited a clear hand effect, performing straighter and faster movements with their right hand despite showing idiosyncratic hand preference according to a traditional food retrieval assay. Hand effects were also evident for younger animals but seemed attenuated in the older animals. In terms of bimanual coordination, all adult marmosets demonstrated an alternating movement pattern for vertical hand positions. Two younger and two older marmosets exhibited idiosyncratic coordination patterns even after substantial experience. In general, younger and older animals exhibited higher variability in bimanual coordination than did adults.

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String-pulling by the common marmoset

Bertrand,

Karkuszewski,

Kersten

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Experience‐driven competition in neural reorganization after stroke

Jones,

Nemchek,

Fracassi

2024

The Journal of Physiology

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Behavioural experiences interact with regenerative responses to shape patterns of neural reorganization after stroke. This review is focused on the competitive nature of these behavioural experience effects. Interactions between learning‐related plasticity and regenerative reactions have been found to underlie the establishment of new compensatory behaviours and the efficacy of motor rehabilitative training in rodent stroke models. Learning in intact brains depends on competitive and cooperative mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Synapses are added in response to learning and selectively maintained and strengthened via activity‐dependent competition. Long‐term memories for experiences that occur closely in time can be weakened or enhanced by competitive or cooperative interactions in the time‐dependent process of stabilizing synaptic changes. Rodent stroke model findings suggest that compensatory reliance on the non‐paretic hand after stroke can shape and stabilize synaptic reorganization patterns in both hemispheres, to compete with the capacity for experiences of the paretic side to do so. However, the competitive edge of the non‐paretic side can be countered by overlapping experiences of the paretic hand, and might even be shifted in a cooperative direction with skilfully coordinated bimanual experience. Advances in the basic understanding of learning‐related synaptic competition are helping to inform the basis of experience‐dependent variations in stroke outcome. image

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Impairments and compensation in string-pulling after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

String-pulling by the common marmoset

String-pulling by the common marmoset

Experience‐driven competition in neural reorganization after stroke

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