Impedance change and capacity fade of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide-based batteries during calendar aging

Schmitt, Julius; Maheshwari, Arpit; Heck, Markus; Lux, Stephan; Vetter, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.090

Cited by 164 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…The capacity fade of lithium ion batteries is strongly related to the use conditions, such as the charge and discharge rate, [16][17][18][19] the cut-off voltage, [19][20][21] the depth of discharge (DOD), [22][23][24] the state of charge (SOC) [25][26][27] and the ambient temperature, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] which all have inuences on the performance and the lifetime of lithium ion batteries. In general, the primary cause of capacity fade is attributed to the loss of active lithium which might result from the generation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) lm on the anode, the deposition of lithium or electrolyte decomposition.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO₄/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

et al. 2018

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The effects of discharge rates (0.5C, 1.0C, 2.0C, 3.0C, 4.0C and 5.0C) on the aging of LiFePO 4 /graphite full cells are researched by disassembling the fresh and aged full cells. The capacity degradation mechanism is analyzed via electrochemical performance, surface morphologies and compositions, and the structure of the anode and cathode electrodes. The capacity fade is accelerated with increasing discharge rates. The irreversible loss of active lithium due to the generation of an SEI film is the primary aging factor for the full cells cycled at low discharge rates. However, when the discharge rate is greater than or equal to 4.0C, the performance degradation of the LiFePO 4 electrode is distinct due to structure decay, which is caused by quick and repeated intercalation of lithium ions and elevated temperature during discharging.In addition, the SEI film on the anode tends to be unstable after the rapid extraction of lithium ions at high discharge rates, and this enhances the loss of active lithium. Therefore, it is indicated that the degradation mechanism is changed for the full cells aged at 4.0C and 5.0C. Besides, the high discharge rate also increases the internal resistance of the full cell, which is detrimental to high rate discharge performance.

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Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO₄/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

et al. 2018

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“…Several DBM-AT models have been proposed for both calendar aging and cycling aging modes and different cell chemistries, mostly using the capacity fade as a health indicator [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] ; we will turn our attention first to calendar aging. Schmalstieg et al 18 performed calendar aging tests on 2.15-Ah lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide cells, and they fitted the data of capacity loss as a function of temperature, SOC, and time using a set of quadratic equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in data‐based degradation models for lithium‐ion batteries

et al. 2020

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Summary This work summarizes the findings resulting from applying an aging modeling approach to four different capacity loss experimental datasets of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). This approach assumes that the degradation trajectory of the capacity is a function of three variables: time, kinetic constant, and time‐dependent factor. The analysis shows that the time‐dependent factor α is cell‐chemistry dependent and cannot be averaged for calendar and cycling modes and combined modes. This factor was also found to be a function of the stress factors. A quadratic model was used to obtain the kinetic constants per test, and statistical metrics were provided to evaluate the quality of the fitting, which was significantly affected when using averaged values of α and refitted kinetic constants. A set of test matrices is proposed for calendar, cycling, and mixed aging modes to overcome the challenges of data‐based models developed from accelerated test approaches for modeling aging in LIBs. This work also proposes a methodology to develop these data‐based aging models.

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“…Until now, most researchers have studied calendar aging effects using commercialized cells with graphite as the anodes, and low‐Ni Li[Ni x Co y Mn 1–x–y ]O 2 (NCM) materials such as NCM 333 or 523 as cathodes . Similarly to cyclic aging, the most common degradations observed from calendar aging are capacity fading and losses in power performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the loss of active Li, transition metal ions leached from the cathode materials are reductively deposited on the anode. These processes occur continuously, increasing the SEI layer thickness and causing irreversible capacity loss and increments in cell impedance . According to a report on ex situ or “operando” diffraction results, the structural evolution of electrodes does not appear to be a major factor in performance degradation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, calendar aging is expected to significantly affect the lifetimes of EVs, similar to cyclic aging.Until now, most researchers have studied calendar aging effects using commercialized cells with graphite as the anodes, and low-Ni Li[Ni x Co y Mn 1-x-y ]O 2 (NCM) materials such as NCM 333 or 523 as cathodes. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Similarly to cyclic aging, the most common degradations observed from calendar aging are capacity fading and losses in power performance. These mainly depend on the storage time, temperature, and state of charge (SOC).…”

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Microstructural Degradation of Ni‐Rich Li[Ni_xCo_yMn₁_−x−y]O₂ Cathodes During Accelerated Calendar Aging

Ryu

Park

Yoon

et al. 2018

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Because electric vehicles (EVs) are used intermittently with long resting periods in the fully charged state before driving, calendar aging behavior is an important criterion for the application of Li-ion batteries used in EVs. In this work, Ni-rich Li[Ni Co Mn ]O (x = 0.8 and 0.9) cathode materials with high energy densities, but low cycling stabilities are investigated to characterize their microstructural degradation during accelerated calendar aging. Although the particles seem to maintain their crystal structures and morphologies, the microcracks which develop during calendar aging remain even in the fully discharged state. An NiO-like phase rock-salt structure of tens of nanometers in thickness accumulates on the surfaces of the primary particles through parasitic reactions with the electrolyte. In addition, the passive layer of this rock-salt structure near the microcracks is gradually exfoliated from the primary particles, exposing fresh surfaces containing Ni to the electrolyte. Interestingly, the interior primary particles near the microcracks have deteriorated more severely than the outer particles. The microstructural degradation is worsened with increasing Ni contents in the cathode materials, directly affecting electrochemical performances such as the reversible capacities and voltage profiles.

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Impedance change and capacity fade of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide-based batteries during calendar aging

Cited by 164 publications

References 43 publications

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO₄/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO₄/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

Challenges in data‐based degradation models for lithium‐ion batteries

Microstructural Degradation of Ni‐Rich Li[Ni_xCo_yMn₁_−x−y]O₂ Cathodes During Accelerated Calendar Aging

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Impedance change and capacity fade of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide-based batteries during calendar aging

Cited by 164 publications

References 43 publications

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO4/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO4/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

Challenges in data‐based degradation models for lithium‐ion batteries

Microstructural Degradation of Ni‐Rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 Cathodes During Accelerated Calendar Aging

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Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO₄/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

Accelerated aging and degradation mechanism of LiFePO₄/graphite batteries cycled at high discharge rates

Microstructural Degradation of Ni‐Rich Li[Ni_xCo_yMn₁_−x−y]O₂ Cathodes During Accelerated Calendar Aging