Impedance Comparison Using Unbalanced Bridge With Digital Sine Wave Voltage Sources

Rybski, Ryszard; Kaczmarek, J.; Kontorski, K.

doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2444255

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The proposed solution involves the utilization of a VFF-RLS algorithm to address the conflicting demands. The procedure for determining the variable forgetting factor λ(n) is outlined in Equations ( 6)- (10).…”

Section: Formulation Of the Vff-rls-based Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, for early detection of insulation status, it is essential to be aware of the factors that can cause insulation breakdown and take appropriate measures to prevent it. Such factors include overload, contamination, aging, physical damage, voltage stress, temperature, and environmental issues like line aging and rain erosion, which might diminish the system's insulation and cause it to fail [10][11][12][13][14]. Figure 1 shows how these factors impact the battery's insulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FPGA-Based VFF-RLS Algorithm for Battery Insulation Detection in Electric Vehicles

Bukya,

Padma,

Kumar

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to rise, attention has switched to ensuring the safety of EV operations. The exponential growth in battery technology over the past several years has changed the face of energy storage and sparked a revolution in several industries. The degradation of battery insulation during regular use is a significant concern. The high voltage (HV) and current levels in HV electric vehicles pose a significant electrical threat.The advancement of electric vehicle technology has led to an increasing presence of HV electric equipment throughout the vehicle. The insulation strength and early health status detection of the batteries are essential in ensuring safety in EVs. This paper studies the different insulation detection techniques and the development of adaptive filter (AF) algorithms based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for insulation detection. FPGAs are amongst the most accurate and fast detection techniques among all the insulation detection techniques used so far in electric vehicles. This study proposes an FPGA-based VFF-RLS algorithm for effectively implementing insulation detection in EVs. The experimental test results using FPGAs demonstrate that the proposed method can rapidly monitor changes in insulation resistance (IR). The VFFRLS-based FPGA technique works sufficiently well to reduce errors when dealing with variations in voltage and resistance conditions at the battery terminals.

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Section: Formulation Of the Vff-rls-based Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPGA-Based VFF-RLS Algorithm for Battery Insulation Detection in Electric Vehicles

Bukya,

Padma,

Kumar

et al. 2024

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter still provide measurements with the highest accuracy for the most demanding applications, including the realization of the capacitance unit from calculable capacitors or the ac quantized Hall resistance (QHR) through a quadrature bridge [2][3][4]. However, the digital bridges have been noticeably improving for impedance comparisons, offering many advantages through computer control and automation [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers establish a quantum-based voltage ratio standard that can be used for impedance comparisons at any phase angle [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another interesting approach [12] is to use commercial synthesizers that are then stabilized with a negative feedback loop, minimizing the bridge error signal. When the voltage ratio of two synthesized sources is used directly as the reference for impedance ratio measurements, as described in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], the stability of the voltage ratio can become a major limiting factor for the overall bridge performance. It appears that an underexplored research area is to mimic in the digital domains some analog techniques that are commonly used in the analog bridges to correlate and combine detector voltages, enabling suppression of the effect of source fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a 100-pF Capacitor With a 12 906-Ω Resistor Using a Digital Impedance Bridge

Feige

Schlamminger

Koffman

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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We tested a digital impedance bridge in a hybrid structure for comparison of a capacitor with a resistor where the impedance ratio was measured in two separate parts. The modulus of the impedance ratio was matched arbitrarily close to the inputto-output ratio, in magnitude, of a two-stage inductive voltage divider by adjusting the operating frequency of the bridge; the residual deviation between the two together with the phase factor of the impedance ratio was measured using a custom detection system based on a four-channel 24-bit digitizer. The ratio of the inductive voltage divider was calibrated, in situ, using a conventional four-arm bridge with two known capacitors. Fluctuations of the source voltages were largely removed through postprocessing of the digitized data, and the measurement results were limited by the digitizer error. We have achieved an overall bridge resolution and stability of 0.02 μF/F in 2 hours for measuring a 100 pF capacitor relative to a 12906 Ω resistor at 1233 Hz. The relative combined standard uncertainty (k = 1) is 0.13 μF/F, dominated by the digitizer error.

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“…This bridge has caused the line-to-ground insulation resistance to drop actually. For each additional bridge, the equivalent value of the ground resistance will be doubled, and the risk of personal electric shock will increase accordingly (Jiang and Ji, 2009;Yin et al, 2012;Rybski et al, 2015). At the same time, on one hand, the active power leakage current sensor installed in the branch is costly; on the other hand, it is ineffective to detect all kinds of insulation faults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel distributing–collecting on-line insulation monitoring system and line selection technology for the DC supply system

Feng,

Ye,

Gao

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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At present, the power supply system of 5G base stations is a micro smart grid, it generally uses 240 V DC power supply with multiple branches, and leakage accidents will threaten personal and property safety, so it is vital to identify the fault line accurately and remove the faults rapidly. In this paper, the leakage phenomenon of transmission lines in the HVDC power supply system of a 5G communication base station is studied. To address the issue of multi-branch line leakage diagnosis and line selection in the 240 V DC system, a new distributed DC insulation monitoring and fault line selection technology and system are proposed. The distributed DC insulation monitoring line selection technology is used to collect the leakage current of each branch by setting a unique single-core DC leakage transformer and process the signal primarily. In addition, a high-resistance bridge switchgear is added to the bus bar. According to different leakage currents caused by the imbalance of the bridge before and after the switch, the insulation resistance of electrodes to the ground is calculated accurately, which solves the problem that the current technology cannot judge the fault of the positive and negative electrodes to the ground at the same time. Through both simulation and prototype experiments, the feasibility of this technology and system device in line insulation monitoring and line selection of the HVDC communication base station power supply system is verified.

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Impedance Comparison Using Unbalanced Bridge With Digital Sine Wave Voltage Sources

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

FPGA-Based VFF-RLS Algorithm for Battery Insulation Detection in Electric Vehicles

FPGA-Based VFF-RLS Algorithm for Battery Insulation Detection in Electric Vehicles

Comparison of a 100-pF Capacitor With a 12 906-Ω Resistor Using a Digital Impedance Bridge

A novel distributing–collecting on-line insulation monitoring system and line selection technology for the DC supply system

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