Impedance Enhancement of Textile Grounded Loop Antenna Using High-Impedance Surface (HIS) for Healthcare Applications

Bait-Suwailam, Mohammed M.; Ibanez‐Labiano, Isidoro; Alomainy, Akram

doi:10.3390/s20143809

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This phenomena is associated with its resonance frequency which relies on the perimeter of the loop. Furthermore, a slight reduction in resonance level resulting from the disturbance of current distribution while on bending mode was also noted [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screen Printing Carbon Nanotubes Textiles Antennas for Smart Wearables

Ibanez‐Labiano

Arslan

Yenigun

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Electronic textiles have become a dynamic research field in recent decades, attracting attention to smart wearables to develop and integrate electronic devices onto clothing. Combining traditional screen-printing techniques with novel nanocarbon-based inks offers seamless integration of flexible and conformal antenna patterns onto fabric substrates with a minimum weight penalty and haptic disruption. In this study, two different fabric-based antenna designs called PICA and LOOP were fabricated through a scalable screen-printing process by tuning the conductive ink formulations accompanied by cellulose nanocrystals. The printing process was controlled and monitored by revealing the relationship between the textiles’ nature and conducting nano-ink. The fabric prototypes were tested in dynamic environments mimicking complex real-life situations, such as being in proximity to a human body, and being affected by wrinkling, bending, and fabric care such as washing or ironing. Both computational and experimental on-and-off-body antenna gain results acknowledged the potential of tunable material systems complimenting traditional printing techniques for smart sensing technology as a plausible pathway for future wearables.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actual loop is Lp × Wp = 43.5 mm × 25.1 mm, respectively, and the gap at the feeding point is 1 mm. The printed trace width of 1 mm and 2 mm, previously studied, showed a stronger resonance frequency for 2 mm; thus, this width was chosen in this study [ 56 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen Printing Carbon Nanotubes Textiles Antennas for Smart Wearables

Ibanez‐Labiano

Arslan

Yenigun

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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“… Year size of proposed design (mm 3 ) Type of substrate No. of unit cells Gain (dBi) Efficiency (%) FBR (dB) SAR W/kg [ 17 ] 2018 81 × 81 × 4 Fabric 3 × 3 7.3 71 17 0.230 [ 18 ] 2019 66.8 × 66.8 × 5 Polyimide 2 × 2 7.47 – 20 0.15 [ 19 ] 2020 75.7 × 75.7 × 6.1 Felt & Ultralam3850 3 × 3 6.379 38.84 14 0.022 [ 20 ] 2020 60 × 60 × 8.5 PDMS 3 × 3 6.56 70.7 – 0.612 [ 21 ] 2020 145 × 112 × 3.424 Jeans 4 × 3 6.19 61 – – [ 22 ] 2020 50 × 25.7 × 5 Felt 1 × 2 4.06 ...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C-shaped antenna based artificial magnetic conductor structure for wearable IoT healthcare devices

et al. 2021

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A wearable C-shaped antenna based on a fabric material operating at 2.4 GHz frequency is proposed for use in flexible/wearable IoT medical systems. The wearable IoT device plays a key role in medical applications, and the antenna is a key part of it. Loading the presented antenna on the body models showed a frequency detuned with the gain and efficiency reduced from 1. 28 to −9 dB and 90% to 10%. In addition, the SAR did not meet the safety health requirement defined by the FCC or ICNIRP standards. Therefore, an “Artificial Magnetic Conductor” structure (AMC) is added to the C-shaped antenna to overcome these problems. The AMC acts as shielding material between the human skin and the presented antenna because of its 0° reflection phase, which mimics the action of the Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC). The overall size of the proposed design was 54 × 54 × 3.9 mm 3 . Numerical and experimental findings indicated that integrating the AMC structures with a C-shaped antenna was robust for body deformation and load. The C-shaped antenna worked equally well with the AMC, whether positioned in free space or on the chest or the arm of the human body. The integrated antenna with AMC structures has excellent performances. The gain and efficiency without loading on the chest were 6.49 dB and 84%, respectively. While for loaded on the chest were 6.21 dB and 81%, respectively. It also decreased the back radiation and raised the Front to Back Ration (FBR) by 13.8 dB. SAR levels have been reduced by more than 90% between the FCC and ICNIRP standards compared to the C-shaped antenna alone, which does not comply with the standards. As a result, the C-shaped integration with AMC structures is highly suitable for assembly in any wearable system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11276-021-02770-4.

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“…In this paper, a fully textile antenna with novel EBG for WBAN applications at 2.4 GHz is proposed. This work lays on the bandgap feature (Dispersion Diagram Technique) of EBG that cannot be demonstrated by earlier reported wearable EBG structures [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 14 – 16 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 23 , 25 ]. The bandgap feature is controlled by vias, such as in the case of mushroom-like EBG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications

et al. 2021

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A compact fabric antenna structure integrated with electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs) covering the desired frequency spectrum between 2.36 GHz and 2.40 GHz for Medical Body-Area Networks (MBANs), is introduced. The needs of flexible system applications, the antenna is preferably low-profile, compact, directive, and robust to the human body's loading effect have to be satisfied. The EBGs are attractive solutions for such requirements and provide efficient performance. In contrast to earlier documented EBG backed antenna designs, the proposed EBG behaved as shielding from the antenna to the human body, reduced the size, and acted as a radiator. The EBGs reduce the frequency detuning due to the human body and decrease the back radiation, improving the antenna efficiency. The proposed antenna system has an overall dimension of 46×46×2.4 mm3. The computed and experimental results achieved a gain of 7.2 dBi, a Front to Back Ratio (FBR) of 12.2 dB, and an efficiency of 74.8%, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) demonstrates a reduction of more than 95% compared to the antenna without EBGs. Moreover, the antenna performance robustness to human body loading and bending is also studied experimentally. Hence, the integrated antenna-EBG is a suitable candidate for many wearable applications, including healthcare devices and related applications.

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Impedance Enhancement of Textile Grounded Loop Antenna Using High-Impedance Surface (HIS) for Healthcare Applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Screen Printing Carbon Nanotubes Textiles Antennas for Smart Wearables

Screen Printing Carbon Nanotubes Textiles Antennas for Smart Wearables

C-shaped antenna based artificial magnetic conductor structure for wearable IoT healthcare devices

Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications

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