“…where C p represents the capacitance, R p the resistance, d the sample thickness, A the electrode (pellet) area, ε 0 the empty space permittivity and ω the angular frequency [23].…”
In this work, iron niobate (FeNbO4) was prepared via two processes based on the sol-gel method: colloidal gel and polymeric gel. The obtained powders were submitted to heat treatments at different temperatures based on the results obtained via differential thermal analysis. The structures of the prepared samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction and the morphology was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric measurements were performed in the radiofrequency region using the impedance spectroscopy technique and in the microwave range using the resonant cavity method. The influence of the preparation method was noticeable in the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of the studied samples. The polymeric gel method promoted the formation of monoclinic and orthorhombic iron niobate at lower temperatures. The differences in the samples’ morphology were also remarkable, both in the size and shape of the grains. The dielectric characterization revealed that the dielectric constant and the dielectric losses had the same order of magnitude and similar trends. A relaxation mechanism was identified in all the samples.
“…where C p represents the capacitance, R p the resistance, d the sample thickness, A the electrode (pellet) area, ε 0 the empty space permittivity and ω the angular frequency [23].…”
In this work, iron niobate (FeNbO4) was prepared via two processes based on the sol-gel method: colloidal gel and polymeric gel. The obtained powders were submitted to heat treatments at different temperatures based on the results obtained via differential thermal analysis. The structures of the prepared samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction and the morphology was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric measurements were performed in the radiofrequency region using the impedance spectroscopy technique and in the microwave range using the resonant cavity method. The influence of the preparation method was noticeable in the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of the studied samples. The polymeric gel method promoted the formation of monoclinic and orthorhombic iron niobate at lower temperatures. The differences in the samples’ morphology were also remarkable, both in the size and shape of the grains. The dielectric characterization revealed that the dielectric constant and the dielectric losses had the same order of magnitude and similar trends. A relaxation mechanism was identified in all the samples.
BiFeO3 fibers were prepared by the Laser Floating Zone (LFZ) technique using different growth speeds. The structural characterization of the samples was undertaken using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, the morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrical characterization by impedance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns showed that BiFeO3 was the major phase in all the samples. Fibers grown at 10 mm/h showed more promising structural and morphological properties. The dielectric characterization revealed that all samples have at least one dielectric relaxation phenomenon that is thermally activated. It was also verified that the dielectric constant is higher at a growth pull rate speed of 10 mm/h.
“…Up to now, several attempts to reduce the synthesis temperature of FeNbO 4 have been reported. Recently, Devesa et al 33 reported the synthesis of FeNbO 4 with monoclinic and orthorhombic structures by the sol-gel method. The nanomaterials prepared by this method can be mixed up to the molecular level, but the secondary phase of Fe 2 O 3 has been present with the increase of the heat treatment temperature from 400 1C to 1200 1C.…”
FeNbO4 sonocatalysts were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route at pH conditions of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM, N2...
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