Imperative role of electron microscopy in toxicity assessment: A review

Grover, Aseem; Sinha, Reshma; Faggio, Caterina

doi:10.1002/jemt.24029

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Furthermore, current nephropathological diagnostic guidelines, with particular regard to the glomerular filtration barrier, rely on qualitative detection and evaluation of codified ultrastructural alterations [ 11 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Nevertheless, and in spite of the paramount importance of electron microscopy to assess toxicity [ 89 ], further targeted studies are needed to elucidate at best the likely pathogenesis of PFOA at the glomerular filtration membrane level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Fish Experimentally Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Manera

Casciano

Giari

2023

IJERPH

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances can be referred to as the most critical group of contaminants of emerging concern. They can accumulate in high concentration in the kidney and are known to potentially affect its function. Nonetheless, there is a lack of knowledge about their morphopathological effect on the glomerular filtration barrier. Since previous research suggests perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) induces glomerular protein leakage, the glomerular filtration barrier of 30 carp from the same parental stock (10 unexposed; 10 exposed to 200 ng L−1 of PFOA; and 10 exposed to 2 mg L−1 of PFOA for 56 days) was screened for possible PFOA-induced ultrastructural lesions in order to shed light on the related pathophysiology. PFOA exposure affected the glomerular filtration barrier in carp experimentally exposed to 2 mg L−1, showing ultrastructural alterations compatible with glomerulonephrosis: podocyte effacement, reduction of filtration slits and filtration slit diaphragms, basement membrane disarrangement, and occurrence of proteinaceous material in the urinary space. The results of the present research confirm the glomerular origin of the PFOA-induced protein leakage and can contribute to the mechanistic comprehension of PFOA’s impact on renal function and to the assessment of the exposure effect of environmental pollutants on animals and humans, according to the One Health approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Fish Experimentally Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Manera

Casciano

Giari

2023

IJERPH

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“…The use of scanning electron microscopy in biological studies has a history dating back 1970s ( Kownachi et al., 2015 ). SEM has been employed to image the surface morphology, topography, and composition of non-biological and biological materials with maximum magnification up to 5,00,000X and spatial resolution below 1nm ( Grover et al., 2022 ; Wang, 2000 ; Wang et al., 2000 ). It examines the whole specimen under an electron microscope and characterizes microscopic details that aid in identifying the species ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Ultrastructural Identification Of Macroinvertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and molecular approach as a tool for taxonomic identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates: A review

Grover

Sharma

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…For this reason, the renal tissue of carp has been used in the present study to assess the thyroid disrupting potential of PFOA, and is proposed as an organ model to explore, besides the nephrotoxicity and immunotoxicity [ 18 ], the endocrine toxicity of PFAS. To our knowledge, this work is one of few documenting the morphological alteration of thyroid in fish exposed to PFOA and the first to take into account the ultrastructural pathology given the importance of electron microscopy to assess toxicity [ 19 ]. It should be stressed that toxicologic pathology still relies primarily on lesions to arrive at a diagnosis, where a lesion is the morphological evidence (at the ultrastructural, microscopic or macroscopic levels) of a disrupted function [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctanoic Acid Affects Thyroid Follicles in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Manera

Castaldelli

Giari

2022

IJERPH

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Carp kidney is comprised of nephrons, hemopoietic tissue, and also hormonally-active thyroid follicles. Given this anatomical trait, it has been used to assess the thyroid disrupting potential of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widespread and feared per- poly-fluoroalkyl substance and a persistent organic pollutant capable of interfering with the endocrine system in animals and humans. The occurrence and morphology of thyroid follicles in kidneys of carp experimentally exposed to 200 ng L−1 or 2 mg L−1 waterborne PFOA for 56 days were studied. The abundance of thyroid follicles was significantly higher and vesiculation increased in exposed fish as compared to controls. The number of vesiculated follicles/total number of follicles was positively correlated with PFOA blood concentration in fish exposed to the highest dose (2 mg L−1). The structure and ultrastructure of thyroid follicles were affected by PFOA also at the lower, environmentally relevant, concentration (200 ng L−1). Increased cellular projections, enhanced colloid endocytosis, rough endoplasmic reticulum enlargement and fragmentation and cytoplasm vacuolation were the main features displayed by PFOA-exposed carp. These results show that PFOA affects the occurrence and status of follicles and suggest the utility of fish kidney as a multipurpose biomarker organ in environmental pathology research, according to the One Health approach.

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Imperative role of electron microscopy in toxicity assessment: A review

Cited by 8 publications

References 129 publications

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Fish Experimentally Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Ultrastructural Alterations of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Fish Experimentally Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid

Ultrastructural and molecular approach as a tool for taxonomic identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates: A review

Perfluorooctanoic Acid Affects Thyroid Follicles in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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